Table 4.

Selected list of LOH or ASE genes: known or putative tumor suppressor genes

	Gene product and functional properties	Reported functional studies in cancer
LOH genes
BRCA1	Breast cancer 1, a nuclear phosphoprotein involved in maintaining DNA stability	Tumor suppressor function [43]
MSH3	MutS homolog 3, a subunit of MutS beta involved in DNA mismatch repair	Genetic instability caused by loss of MSH3 in cancers [44]
PCGF2	Polycomb group ring finger 2, involved in protein-protein interaction and transcription repression	Tumor suppressor function [45]
PDGFRL	Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-like, a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor	Mutation and gene loss correlated with breast cancer progression [46] and prostate cancer [47]
BCR	Breakpoint cluster region	Putative tumor suppressor in meningiomas [48]
ASE genes
DSC3	Desmocollin 3, a cell adhesion molecule in cadherin family	Epigenetic silencing of DSC3 is a common event in breast cancer [49]
FGFR2	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase	Hypermethylation of FGFR2 found in gastric cancer [50]
MYEOV	Myeloma overexpressed, a putative transforming gene	Epigenetically inactivated in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas [51]
TNFRSF10D	Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10 d, a member of TNF-receptor superfamily	Aberrant methylation in multiple tumor type and mapped to tumor suppressor region in prostate cancer [52,53]
MGMT	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, a DNA repair gene	Methylation of MGMT in many types of cancers [41,42,54] and associated with poorer overall and disease-free survival [55]

LOH, loss of heterozygosity; ASE, allele-specific expression.