Table 1.
Effects of 3-HAA on Astrocyte Gene Expression by Microarray Analysis
| Gene symbol | 3-HAA versus control (fold change) |
IL-1/IFNγ versus control (fold change) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 1 | Case 2 | |
| IL11 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 14.3 | 10.5 |
| TGFβ1 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
| TIMP3 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 0.7 |
| HMOX1(HO1) | 1.9 | 3.8 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
| TXNRD1 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.9 |
| NOX4 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
| IER3 (IEX1) | 6.3 | 2.3 | 34.7 | 14.0 |
| C/EBPβ | 2.3 | 1.8 | 8.8 | 6.2 |
| KCNK12 | 4.4 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| APP | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.5 |
| CXCL10 (IP10) | 0.8 | 0.3 | 233.0 | 61.8 |
| IL8 | 3.6 | 1.2 | 109.0 | 57.7 |
Highly enriched human astrocyte cultures were treated with medium alone (control), 3-HAA (100 μmol/L), or cytokines (IL-1β and IFN-γ at 10 ng/mL each) for 6 hours. Microarray analysis was performed with Illumina HumanHT-12 v3 Expression BeadChip as described in Materials and Methods. Data shown are fold change (ratio) of mRNA expression (test sample versus control, untreated sample). 1, no change;>1, increase; <1, decrease. Results from two separate astrocyte cases are shown.