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. 2011 Jul 31;7(7):927–936. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.7.927

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© Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.

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Effects of CSE on ELCs apoptosis. (A) Cell apoptosis rate was determined by the FACS analysis. CSE1: 12.5 ng/L, CSE2: 100 ng/L, CSE3: 200 ng/L, CSE4: 400 ng/L, CSE5: 70,000 ng/L as the equivalent to nicotine. The apoptosis rate of the ELCs treated with CSE with 100 or 200 ng/L nicotine significantly increased compared to that of the control group , furthermore, the apoptosis rate of the ELCs in CSE4 and CSE5 group reached 20% - 40%, showing a significant increase compared to that of the control group. * P < 0.05 vs control group, ** P < 0.01 vs control group. (B) Morphological analysis under a light microscope. The number of shed cells clearly increased in CSE2 group, and almost all cells were shed in CSE5 group. (C) The representative pictures for Cell apoptosis rate determined by the FACS analysis. A hypodiploid peak could be seen in the sub-G₀/G₁ region, and it reflected an apoptotic state of the cells. VE: 100 μmol/L VE treatment group, CSE: CSE (equivalent to 200 ng/L nicotine) treatment group, CSE+VE: 100 μmol/L VE + CSE (equivalent to 200 ng/L nicotine) treatment group.

Effects of CSE on ELCs apoptosis. (A) Cell apoptosis rate was determined by the FACS analysis. CSE1: 12.5 ng/L, CSE2: 100 ng/L, CSE3: 200 ng/L, CSE4: 400 ng/L, CSE5: 70,000 ng/L as the equivalent to nicotine. The apoptosis rate of the ELCs treated with CSE with 100 or 200 ng/L nicotine significantly increased compared to that of the control group , furthermore, the apoptosis rate of the ELCs in CSE4 and CSE5 group reached 20% - 40%, showing a significant increase compared to that of the control group. * P < 0.05 vs control group, ** P < 0.01 vs control group. (B) Morphological analysis under a light microscope. The number of shed cells clearly increased in CSE2 group, and almost all cells were shed in CSE5 group. (C) The representative pictures for Cell apoptosis rate determined by the FACS analysis. A hypodiploid peak could be seen in the sub-G₀/G₁ region, and it reflected an apoptotic state of the cells. VE: 100 μmol/L VE treatment group, CSE: CSE (equivalent to 200 ng/L nicotine) treatment group, CSE+VE: 100 μmol/L VE + CSE (equivalent to 200 ng/L nicotine) treatment group.