Table 1.

Consensus of estrogen and progestin effects on brain mitochondrial parameters

Results compared with vehicle	Sham OVX	OVX +vehicle	OVX +E2	OVX +P4a	OVX +E2+P4a	OVX +MPA	OVX +E2+MPA
RCR	↑	⇆	↑	↑	∼	∼	↑
PDH expression	↑	⇆	↑	X	X	∼	↓
PDH activity	↑	⇆	↑	X	X	∼	∼
pPDH	↓	⇆	∼	X	X	∼	∼
COXIV expression	↑	⇆	↑	↑	∼	∼	∼
COX activity	↑	⇆	↑	↑	↑	∼	∼
CVα	↑	⇆	↑	↑	↑	∼	∼
MnSOD expression	∼	⇆	↑	↑	↑	∼	∼
MnSOD activity	∼	⇆	∼	X	X	∼	↓
PrdxV	∼	⇆	↑	∼	∼	↓	↓
Mitochondrial lipid peroxides	↓	⇆	↓	↓	↓	∼	∼
OCR neurons	N/A	⇆	↑	↑	∼	∼	∼
OCR glia	N/A	⇆	∼	X	X	↓	↓

Tabular comparison of mitochondrial function summarizes 24-h steroid hormone-replaced OVX rats. E2 (30 μg/kg), P4 (30 μg/kg), E2+P4 (30 μg/kg + 30 μg/kg), MPA (120 μg/kg), E2+MPA (30 μg/kg + 120 μg/kg), or corn oil vehicle control (OVX). Ovary-intact (sham OVX) rats served as a positive control and were selected on the morning after estrus by vaginal cytology. For cultured rat neuron and glial experiments: vehicle; MPA, 40 nm; E2, 10 nm; P4, 40 nm; E2, 10 nm + P4, 40 nm; E2, 10 nm + MPA, 40 nm. Significant changes relative to vehicle control (⇆) are represented as ↑ (increased), ↓ (decreased), ∼ (unchanged), X (not measured), or N/A (not applicable).

^aP4 and E2+P4 data referenced from Irwin et al. (12).