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. 2011 Aug 17;6(8):e23508. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023508

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Friberg et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Plotted are the expected proportion of eggs (E) developing into male (M/E) and female (F/E) offspring, measured at the end of sib-competition. X/X dams: (A) No sex ratio bias from Y/X_even sires (M/E≈F/E); (B) Increased survival of daughters expressing X_skew; (C) Simple gametic drive when X_skew produces no pleiotropic influence on the sire's fertility nor the survival of his daughters; (D) Simple SA-zygotic drive with no pleiotropic influence of X_skew on the sire's fertility nor the survival of daughters. The pattern expected from simple SA-zygotic drive can also be produced by gametic drive when combined with a counterbalancing reduction in fertility of X_skew/Y sires (G) and/or reduced survival of his daughters (H). Note that dotted arrows depict eggs not surviving to adulthood due to a sire's infertility or reduced viability of its carriers. X∧X/Y dams: When the dams carry an attached-X (Y-bearing sperm produce daughters), egg survival of sons and daughters from both types of sires is reduced by at least 50% due to the production of aneuploid zygotes (I), but gametic drive of the X will cause the expected value of F/E to be lower when the sire is X_skew/Y, compared to X_even/Y (J), and the sex ratio should be more male biased (unless the hemizygous expression of the two types of X chromosomes strongly influences male viability –dotted arrows). With SA-zygotic drive (K) the sex ratio from X_Skew/Y sires should be unchanged compared to X_even/Y sires (unless the Y chromosome is imprinted in a manner that harms females). With gametic drive, irrespective of any effects of the X_skew on fertility of sires or viability of daughters (assumed to be consistent across the two types of dams), the relative success of Y-bearing sperm (measured by the ratio of [F/E]_{sire = skew} to [F/E]_{sire = even} = RS_{Y(dams = X∧X)}) from attached-X dams should equal that from X/X dams ([M/E]_{sire = skew} to [M/E]_{sire = even} = RS_{Y(dams = XX)}).