Table 1.
Characteristics of 54,304 study participants at baseline and NOx concentrations and traffic at their residences
| Characteristic | No. (%) | Mean/median (5th-95th percentile) |
|---|---|---|
| Age at enrolment (years) | 56.7/56.2 (50.7-64.2) | |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 25869 (47.6%) | |
| Female | 28435 (52.4%) | |
| Length of education (years) | ||
| < 8 | 17996 (33.1%) | |
| 8-10 | 24994 (46.0%) | |
| > 10 | 11255 (20.7%) | |
| Sport activity in leisure time | ||
| No | 25149 (46.3%) | |
| Yes | 29123 (53.6%) | |
| Hours/week among active | 2.4/2.0 (0.5-7.0) | |
| Body mass index | 26.1/25.5 (20.4-33.4) | |
| Fruit intake (g/day) | 176.6/140.3 (19.0-467.4) | |
| Vegetable intake (g/day) | 173.2/157.8 (47.8-352.7) | |
| Alcohol intake | ||
| Abstainers | 1256 (2.3%) | |
| Drink alcohol | 53048 (97.7%) | |
| Amount of alcohol (g/day)a | 20.0/13.3 (1.1-65.0) | |
| Hormone replacement therapyb | ||
| Never | 11835 (41.6%) | |
| Ever | 16328 (57.4%) | |
| Duration of use (years)c | 7.9/6.0 (2.0-20.0) | |
| Smoking | ||
| Never | 19081 (35.1%) | |
| Former | 15600 (28.7%) | |
| Current | 19557 (36.0%) | |
| Intensity (g/day)d | 16.3/14.8 (3.8-34.4) | |
| Duration (years)d | 29.5/33.0 (6.0-46.0) | |
| Environmental tobacco smoke | ||
| No/low | 19268 (35.5%) | |
| High | 34768 (64.0%) | |
| NOx at front door e (μg/m3) | 28.4/21.9 (14.8-69.4) | |
| Major roadf within 50 m | ||
| No | 49813 (91.7%) | |
| Yes | 4491 (8.3%) | |
| Traffic load within 200 m (103 vehicle km/day) |
4.7/2.6 (0.28-15.5) | |
a Among those drinking alcohol
b For 28,163 women for whom there was information on both present and past use
c Among ever users
d Smoking intensity and duration among ever smokers
e Time-weighted average for the period 1 January 1971 to the censoring date
f More than 10,000 vehicles per day