Table 3.
Results of included trials
| Reference | Treatment (orally unless stated otherwise) | Type of analysis, results (means ± SD or 95% CI unless stated otherwise) |
|---|---|---|
| Morgenstern and Biermann23 | Part I: EGb 761®: 57 patients, 200 mg/d IV 10 days Part II: EGb 761®: 30 patients, 160 mg/day; placebo: 27 patients; 12 weeks |
ITT-LOCF Part I: Tinnitus volume decreased by approximately 8 dB on average Part II: (changes after end of part I) Change in tinnitus volume week 12: EGb 761® −3.5 ± 17.8 dB, Plc −1.9 ± 17.3 dB,P< 0.05 Change in tinnitus volume week 8: EGb 761® −3.0 ± 17.6 dB, Plc −1.3 ± 16.2 dB,P< 0.05 Change in tinnitus volume week 4: EGb 761® −5.8 ± 13.0 dB, Plc 0.0 ± 17.7 dB,P< 0.05 Hearing loss at 3.0 kHz: EGb 761® −0.5 ± 7.1 dB, Plc +3.7 ± 7.7 dB, P < 0.05 Hearing loss at 4.0 kHz: EGb 761® −4.8 ± 11.4 dB, Plc +4.3 ± 9.8 dB, P < 0.01 Hearing loss at 6.0 kHz: EGb 761® −1.8 ± 13.8 dB, Plc +1.7 ± 6.4 dB, ns Hearing loss at 8.0 kHz: EGb 761® −2.2 ± 12.0 dB, Plc +1.7 ± 3.9 dB, ns (negative change in hearing loss means improvement) Rates of patients with self-assessed intensity of permanent tinnitus as annoying or very annoying: EGb 761® 59% at baseline, 37.9% at week 12; Plc 43.4% at baseline, 47.8% at week 12 |
| Morgenstern and Biermann24 | EGb 761®: 49 patients, 120 mg/day; placebo: 50 patients; 12 weeks |
ITT-LOCF Change in tinnitus volume in the more severely affected ear (baseline/week 12): EGb 761® from 42.2 (36.6, 48.1) to 39.0 (31.9, 46.1), Plc from 44.3 (39.2, 49.4) to 45.1 (39.1, 51.2), P= 0.015 Patients’ global impression of change: EGb 761® 31% improved, Plc 14% improved No significant differences between treatment groups regarding tinnitus volume in the less severely affected ear, subjective rating of tinnitus intensity and hearing loss. |
| Meyer25 | EGb 761®: 55 patients, 160 mg/day; placebo: 45 patients 3 months |
Type of analysis not specified Global rating of change: EGb 761® 40% much improved, Plc 24% much improved, P = 0.05 Duration until disappearance or significant improvement in 50% of patients: EGb 761® 70 days, Plc 119 days (medians), P = 0.03 Change in tinnitus intensity (scale 0–3): EGb 761® −1.0, Plc −0.67, P = 0.03 Change in nuisance (scale 0–3): EGb 761® −0.84, Plc −0.59, P = 0.08 |
| Ihl et al26 | EGb 761®: 202 patients, 240 mg/day; placebo: 202 patients; 24 weeks |
ITT-LOCF 11-point box scale* for tinnitus: EGb 761®: −0.5 (−0.6, −0.3), Plc: −0.1 (−0.2, 0.0), P < 0.001 |
| Napryeyenko et al27 | EGb 761®: 198 patients, 240 mg/day; placebo: 197 patients; 22 weeks |
ITT-LOCF 11-point box scale for tinnitus: EGb 761®: −1.1 ± 1.6 Plc: −0.0 ± 0.9 P = 0.003 |
| Schneider et al** | EGb 761® high dose: 19 patients, 240 mg/day; EGb 761® low dose: 29 patients, 120 mg/day; placebo: 24 patients; 26 weeks |
ITT-LOCF 11-point box scale for tinnitus: EGb 761® high dose: −2.1 ± 2.1, P = 0.003 vs Plc EGb 761® low dose: −1.1 ± 2.1, P = 0.09 vs Plc Plc: −0.2 ± 1.7 |
| Halama et al28 | EGb 761®: 20 patients, 120 mg/day; placebo: 20 patients; 12 weeks |
Type of analysis not specified Severity rating tinnitus (scale 0–3): EGb 761® from 1.05 ± 1.05 to 0.45 ± 0.83, Plc from 1.25 ± 0.91 to 1.10 ± 0.97, P = 0.035 |
| Eckmann and Schlag29 | EGb 761®: 12 patients, 120 mg/day; placebo: 20 patients; 30 days |
Type of analysis not specified Tinnitus disappeared: EGb 761® 100%, Plc 50%, P < 0.005 |
Notes:
*
Consisting of 11 boxes numbered 0 to 10, with 0 representing no tinnitus and 10 representing extremely severe tinnitus.
**
Schneider LS, DeKosky ST, Farlow MR, Tariot PN, Hoerr R, Kieser M. Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761®) effects on mood and neurosensory symptoms (dizziness, tinnitus) in elderly, demented patients: secondary results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial [unpublished data]. Bold print = primary outcome measure, if defined.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation; IV, intravenous; ITT-LOCF, intention-to-treat, last value carried forward; Plc, placebo; ns, not significant.