Table 1.
Cognitive performance in drinkers in “non-ratio” studies, 1977–1986, 1986–1996, and 1997–present
| 1977–1986 (n = 17) | ||
| Worse (8/17 = 47%) | No difference (9/17 = 53%) | Better (0/16 = 0%) |
| Parker and Noble35: 102 m | Parker et al40: 544 f | |
| Parker et al40: 481 m | Parker et al43: 21 m, 60 f | |
| Parker et al44: 45 m | Birnbaum et al45: 93 f | |
| Jones and Jones46: 32 f | Cala et al47: 24 m, 15 f | |
| MacVane et al48: 106 m | Hannon et al49: 67 m, 103 f | |
| Hannon et al50: 40 m | Bergman51: 192 f | |
| Hannon et al50: 52 f | Hunt et al52: 41 m, 39 f | |
| Bergman51: 195 m | Parsons53: 100 m | |
| Jones-Saumty and Zeiner54: 80 mf | ||
| 1986–1996 (n = 18) | ||
| Worse (4/18 = 22%) | No difference (12/18 = 67%) | Better (2/18 = 11%) |
| Parker et al39: 481 m, 544 f | Carey and Maisto56: 85 f | Farmer et al57: 834 m, 1198 f |
| Martin et al55: 119 m, 134 f | Page and Cleveland58: 322 m | Nichols et al59: 22 m |
| Mangione et al60: 190 m, 282 f | Bowden61: 23 m, 17 f | |
| Fox et al62: 26 m, 5 f | Goodwin et al63: 124 m, 146 f | |
| Emmerson et al64: 80 m | ||
| Alterman and Hall65: 95 m | ||
| Waugh et al66: 131 m | ||
| Bates and Tracy67: 654 m, 654 f | ||
| Salamé68: 72 m | ||
| Scherr et al69: 1382 m, 2241 f | ||
| Arbuckle et al70: 140 m | ||
| Christian et al71: 4739 m | ||
| 1997–present (n = 52) | ||
| Worse (1/52 = 2%) | No difference (20/52 = 38%) | Better (28/52 = 54%) |
| Schinka et al41: 230 mf | Seux et al18: 751 m | Seux et al18: 1474 f |
| Schinka et al42: 176 m, 209 f | Cerhan et al73: 6156 m | |
| Carmelli et al72: 566 m | Cerhan et al73: 7711 f | |
| Dent et al74: 209 m | Elias et al77: 1053 f | |
| Broe et al75: 155 m, 162 f | Bond et al79: 808 m | |
| Nixon76: 37 m, 3 f | Bond et al79: 1028 f | |
| Elias et al77: 733 m | Kalmijn et al80: 989 f | |
| Sands et al78: 8080 f | Leroi et al82: 942 f | |
| Elwood et al81: 1649 m | Wang et al83: 1058 m, 1520 f | |
| Kalmijn et al80: 905 m | Bond et al84: 1856 m | |
| Leroi et al82: 546 m | Bond et al84: 2551 f | |
| Reid et al85: 232 m, 569 f | Zimmerman et al87: 182 f | |
| Schinka et al86: 3361 m | Lindeman et al88: 438 m, 389 f | |
| Krahn et al89: 2984 m | Yonker et al90: 1152 f | |
| Krahn et al89: 3453 f | Rodgers et al91: 3122 m | |
| Yonker et al90: 1072 m | Rodgers et al91: 3281 f | |
| Richards et al92: 861 f | Richards et al92: 903 m | |
| Stott et al93: 1804 m | Reid et al94: 760 m | |
| Cooper et al95: 684 m, 1051 f | McDougall et al96: 60 m | |
| Andersen et al97: 1466 m, 1833 f | Ngandu et al98: 506 m, 835 f | |
| Caspers et al99: 118 m | Lang et al100: 3409 m | |
| Caspers et al99: 169 f | Lang et al100: 3877 f | |
| Sabia et al101: 4073 m | Stott et al93: 3000 f | |
| Townsend et al102: 1698 f | ||
| Xu et al103: 176 m | ||
| Arntzen et al104: 2227 m | ||
| Arntzen et al104: 2806 f | ||
| Yamazaki et al105: 130 m, 110 f |
Notes: First section covers 17 studies without ratios from 1977 to 1986, reviewed by Parsons.38 second section covers 18 studies without ratios from 1986 to 1996, reviewed by Parsons and Nixon.37 Third section covers 52 studies without ratios from 1997 to the present. Some studies provide separate results for men (m) and women (f).