Table 2.
Studies of Vascular Disease Types Associated with Psoriasis
| Atherosclerosis | |||
| Case-control Studies | Year | Clinical variables/outcomes | NOS |
| Balci et al.12 | 2009 | Mean intimal medial thickness of right, left, and averaged common carotid artery of psoriasis patients were higher than controls | 6 of 9 |
| Gonzalez-Juanatey et al.10 | 2007 | Flow-mediated endothelial dependent vasodilatation by brachial ultrasonography was impaired in patients compared with controls. A significant correlation between CRP and ESR at time of disease diagnosis and FMD% was found | 8 of 9 |
| Gonzalez-Juanatey et al.11 | 2007 | Patients with PsA exhibited greater carotid artery IMT than matched controls. Adjusted for age, carotid IMT was correlated with age at time of PsA diagnosis, disease duration, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | 8 of 9 |
| Kimhi et al.13 | 2007 | Average IMT for PsA patients was higher compared with controls for the whole group and after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Average IMT correlated with age, BMI, duration of skin and joint disease, spine involvement, ESR, and fibrinogen | 5 of 9 |
| Cross-sectional Studies | Year | Clinical variables/outcomes | CSQ |
| Shapiro et al.9 | 2006 | The age-adjusted proportion of diabetes was higher in psoriasis patients as compared with the control group. The age-adjusted proportion of atherosclerosis was higher in psoriasis patients as compared with the control group | 7 of 11 |
| Yalcin et al.14 | 2009 | In the myocardial perfusion SPECT, normal coronary perfusion pattern was detected in all patients with psoriasis. All patients reached target heart rate without ST changes | 6 of 11 |
| Also see: Prodanovich (Effects on Mortality, 83) | |||
| Heart Disease | |||
| Case-control Studies | Year | Clinical variables/outcomes | NOS |
| McDonald et al.71 | 1978 | In each age/sex group of patients with psoriasis, the rates of occurrence of occlusive vascular disease were higher in predisposed psoriatic patients than in predisposed non-psoriatic patients | 6 of 9 |
| Gonzalez-Juanatey et al.78 | 2006 | In PsA patients, frequency of aortic and tricuspid and mitral regurgitation was not different than matched controls. Also, pulmonary artery systolic pressure was normal in PsA patients. Prevalence of diastolic dysfunction was similar in PsA patients and controls | 8 of 9 |
| Ludwig et al.77 | 2007 | Patients with psoriasis had an increased prevalence and severity of coronary artery calcification (CAC) as compared with controls. Multiple linear regression analysis identified psoriasis as likely independent risk factor for CAC | 8 of 9 |
| Also see: Biyik (HTN, 36), Cohen (Hyperlipidemia, 60) | |||
| Cohort Studies | Year | Clinical variables/outcomes | NOS |
| Brauchli et al.74 | 2009 | Overall, crude incidence rates of MI, stroke, and TIA were similar among patients with or without psoriasis. However, adjusted OR of developing MI for patients with psoriasis aged < 60 years was elevated compared with patients without psoriasis, while OR for patients aged > or = 60 years was not | 8 of 9 |
| Gelfand et al.72 | 2006 | The incidence of myocardial infarction per 1000 person-years was increased in patients with mild and severe psoriasis, both in young and older populations, though the risk in older populations was less | 8 of 9 |
| Lindegard et al.102 | 1986 | Psoriasis cases are associated with a spectrum of diseases: male as well as female psoriatics seem to show excess rates of viral infections, alcoholism, hypertension, pneumonia, liver cirrhosis, urticaria, and rheumatoid arthritis. Psoriasis in males only seem to be associated with iritis and ankylosing spondylitis, whereas psoriasis in females only is associated with lung cancer, diabetes, obesity, myocardial infarction and asthma | 5 of 9 |
| Markuszeski et al.92 | 2006 | Heart rate was significantly higher both during the day and at night in patients with psoriasis vulgaris than in the control group. There was a positive correlation between the increased heat rate, both during the day and at night, in psoriatic patients and severity of the disease expressed as PASI. Single supraventricular beats were significantly more frequently observed in psoriatic patients vs. the control group | 5 of 9 |
| Wakkee et al.75 | 2009 | Psoriasis patients and controls had similar rates of ischemic heart disease per 100,000 person-years. The age- and gender-adjusted risk of IHD was comparable between both cohorts. Before cohort entry, psoriasis patients used more antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and lipid-lowering drugs and were more often hospitalized. Adjusting for these confounders decreased HR for IHD, but it remained comparable | 7 of 9 |
| Also see: Kaye (Hyperlipidemia, 16) | |||
| Cross-sectional Studies | Year | Clinical variables/outcomes | CSQ |
| Han et al.25 | 2006 | PsA patients had higher prevalence ratio of IHD, atherosclerosis, PVD, CHF, cerebrovascular disease, DM, hyperlipidemia, and HTN | 5 of 11 |
| Xiao et al.76 | 2009 | Patients with mild psoriasis had increased rates of cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity), DM, HTN, hyperlipidemia and smoking. Patients with severe psoriasis had higher adjusted OR of obesity, DM, HTN, hyperlipidemia, and smoking than mild psoriasis and controls. After adjusting for systemic therapies, cardiovascular risk factors, age, and sex, for patients with mild and severe psoriasis, the OR of having an MI was 1.72 and 2.01 (95%, respectively | 8 of 11 |
| Also see: Kimball (Hyperlipidemia, 26), Prodanovich (Effects on Mortality, 83), Sommer (HTN, 58), Cohen (HTN, 59), Gladman (HTN, 77) | |||
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | |||
| Case-control Studies | Year | Clinical variables/outcomes | NOS |
| Also see: Kaye (Hyperlipidemia, 16) | |||
| Cross-sectional Studies | Year | Clinical variables/outcomes | CSQ |
| Also see: Han (Heart Disease, 25), Kimball (Hyperlipidemia, 26), Prodanovich (Effects on Mortality, 83) | |||
| Cerebrovascular Disease | |||
| Case-control Studies | Year | Clinical variables/outcomes | NOS |
| Also see: Kaye (Hyperlipidemia, 16), Brauchli (Heart Disease, 78) | |||
| Cohort Studies | Year | Clinical variables/outcomes | NOS |
| Gelfand et al.80 | 2009 | When adjusting for major risk factors for stroke, both mild and severe psoriasis were independent risk factors for stroke. | 8 of 9 |
| Cross-sectional Studies | Year | Clinical variables/outcomes | CSQ |
| Also see: Han (Heart Disease, 25), Prodanovich (Effects on Mortality, 83) | |||
| Abbreviations: CSQ, Cross-sectional Study Quality; NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa Score | |||