Figure 4. Relationships between larval developmental parameters and conditions of the carbonate chemistry in the five treatments.

Relationships between the average (±SD) shell length and area of D-veliger larvae as well as the amount of calcium incorporated at the end of the 72 h incubation period, and the average (±SD) conditions of the carbonate chemistry in the five treatments are shown; pH_T: pH on the total scale (left plots), Ω_a: saturation state with respect to aragonite (middle plots) and [CO₃ ²⁻]: carbonate ion concentration (right plots). On the right plots, the dotted lines refer to the carbonate ion concentration at the aragonite saturation level (see text for details).