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Demethylation of Tat by the LSD1/KDM1/CoREST complex is a required new step during Tat transactivation of the HIV LTR. We propose that it may occur before acetylation of Tat by p300/KAT3B. Inhibition of LSD1/KDM1 by phenelzine blocks this demethylation step and inhibits Tat transactivation during reactivation from latency.
