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Grade of concordance by κ index
| Method 1 (threshold, CFU/ml) | Method 2 (threshold, CFU/ml) | κ | Concordance | |
| TBS (105) | - | BAL (104) | 1.000 | Nearly complete |
| PSB (103) | - | BAL (104) | 0.714 | Strong |
| TBS (105) | - | PSB (103) | 0.571 | Clear |
| TBS (106) | - | PSB (103) | 0.216 | Weak/poor |
| TBS (106) | - | BAL (104) | 0.200 | Weak/poor |
BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; CFU, colony-forming units; PSB, protected specimen brush; TBS, tracheobronchial secretion; VAP, ventilator- associated pneumonia.
