Table 1.

Calibration constraints for dating the eukaryotic tree of life

			Calibration†
Taxon	Fossil	Eon*	Min	Dist	Ref(s).
Amniota	Westlonthania	Phan	328.3	4, 3	(54)
Angiosperms	Oldest angio pollen	Phan	133.9	2, 10	(55)
Ascomycetes	Paleopyrenomycites	Phan	400	4, 50	(56)
Coccolithophores	Earliest Heterococcolith	Phan	203.6	2, 8	(57)
Diatoms	Earliest diatoms	Phan	133.9	2, 100	(58)
Dinoflagellates	Earliest gonyaulacales	Phan	240	2, 10	(59)
Embryophytes	Land plant spores	Phan	471	2, 20	(60)
Endopterygota	Mecoptera	Phan	284.4	5, 5	(61)
Eudicots	Eudicot pollen	Phan	125	2, 1.5	(62, 63)
Euglenids	Moyeria	Phan	450	2, 40	(64)
Foraminifera	Oldest forams	Phan	542	2, 200	(65)
Gonyaulacales	Gonyaulacaceae split	Phan	196	2,10	(59)
Pennate diatoms	Oldest pennate	Phan	80	3, 5	(66)
Spirotrichs	Oldest tintinnids	Phan	444	2.5, 100	(67)
Trachaeophytes	Earliest trachaeophytes	Phan	425	4, 2.5	(68)
Vertebrates	Haikouichthys	Phan	520	3, 5	(69)
Animals	LOEMs, sponge biomarkers	Protero	632	2, 300	(70, 71)
Arcellinida	Paleoarcella	Protero	736	2, 300	(12)
Bilateria	Kimberella	Protero	555	2, 30	(72)
Chlorophytes	Palaeastrum	Protero	700	2.5, 300	(73)
Ciliates	Gammacerane	Protero	736	2.5, 300	(74)
Florideophyceae	Doushantuo red algae	Protero	550	2.5, 100	(75)
Red algae‡	Bangiomorpha	Protero	1174	3, 250	(11)

*Eon: Phan, Phanerozoic; Protero, Proterozoic. Proterozoic calibrations are excluded from Phan analyses.

^†Calibration constraints are specified for BEAST using a gamma distribution with a minimum date in Ma based on the fossil record parameters as indicated: min, minimum divergence data; dist, gamma prior distribution (shape, scale). See Table S3 for details of PhyloBayes calibrations.

^‡In the All 720 analysis (c), the minimum age constraint for the red algae node is set to 720 Ma.