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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Aug 8.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Aug 8;59(8):1412–1420. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03522.x

Table 4.

Factors Associated with Underuse (n=223), and Inappropriate Use (n=378) Compared to Appropriate Use (reference group; n=276) of Antidepressants in Those With Depression

Factors Underuse (n=223) Inappropriate Use (n=378 )
Demographics Adj. RRR 95% CI Adj. RRR 95% CI
Age
    65-74 1.00 reference 1.00 reference
    75-84 0.90 0.59-1.39 1.27 0.87-1.84
    85+ 0.92 0.52-1.62 1.29 0.79-2.11
Race
    White 1.00 reference 1.00 reference
    Black 0.85 0.49-1.49 0.48 0.30-0.76*
    Other 1.21 0.48-3.01 0.86 0.33-2.25
Female gender 1.55 0.68-3.53 0.67 0.28-1.61
Education
    Below high School 1.00 reference 1.00 reference
    High school 0.84 0.55-1.28 0.89 0.59-1.33
    Above high School 1.02 0.58-1.79 0.90 0.57-1.44
    Not Assessed 1.15 0.27-4.81 1.23 0.26-5.83
Factors Underuse (n=223) Inappropriate Use (n=378 )
Health Status Adj. RRR 95% CI Adj. RRR 95% CI
Activities of daily living score (per unit increase) 1.05 1.02-1.09* 1.02 0.99-1.04
Other Medications
    0-5 1.00 reference 1.00 Reference
    6-10 0.57 0.36-0.91* 1.39 0.88-2.19
    11-15 0.40 0.23-0.73* 1.58 0.94-2.66
    16+ 0.46 0.28-0.76* 1.79 1.09-2.94
Cancer 0.52 0.33-0.81* 0.62 0.41-0.94*
Factors Underuse (n=223) Inappropriate Use (n=378 )
Neurological/Psychiatric Problems Adj. RRR 95% CI Adj. RRR 95% CI
Cerebrovascular accident 0.63 0.37-1.08 1.33 0.83-2.15
Behavior problem 1.51 0.91-2.49 0.69 0.44-1.08
Moderate/severe pain 0.79 0.51-1.21 1.54 1.08-2.20*
Use of anxiolytic/hypnotic 1.08 0.81-1.44 1.33 1.02-1.74*
Use of antipsychotic in those without schizophrenia 0.56 0.33-0.94* 0.90 0.62-1.30
Factors Underuse (n=223) Inappropriate Use (n=378 )
Site Level Indicators Adj. RRR 95% CI Adj. RRR 95% CI
Bed Size
    Small (<60) 1.00 Reference 1.00 reference
    Medium (60-120) 0.90 0.49-1.66 0.97 0.56-1.66
    Large (>120) 0.59 0.32-1.11 1.01 0.60-1.71
Region
    North East 1.00 Reference 1.00 reference
    Midwest 0.76 0.44-1.29 0.78 0.47-1.31
    South 0.61 0.38-0.99 1.03 0.66-1.60
    West 0.77 0.43-1.37 1.28 0.74-2.19
*

p<0.05; for categorical variables, contrasts are noted as being statistically significant only when the overall effect in the equation is significant.

Wald chi2(46)=147.57; Prob > chi2=0.0000; Log pseudolikelihood = -871.022; Pseudo R2=0.076

Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; RRR=relative risk ratio