Table 2. Mean and Standard Deviations by Country for All Measures.

		N	Mean	SD
Australia	Static PAa	542	6.40	2.17
	Dynamic PAb	437	70.49	17.02
	LKc	542	14.91	6.03
	TOWREd	534	105.45	9.41
US	Static PA	977	5.89	1.92
	Dynamic PA	961	58.23	18.93
	LK	976	14.98	6.00
	TOWRE	973	98.95	9.05
Scandinavia	Static PA	471	5.99	1.91
	Dynamic PA	470	51.09	16.26
	LK	470	11.31	5.67
	TOWRE	368	86.41	10.46

Note. TOWRE = Test of Word Recognition Efficiency. PA = phonemic awareness. LK = letter knowledge.

^aBased on raw scores, maximum = 14.4.

^bPercentage.

^cMaximum = 26.

^dMean standard score.