Table 4.

Effect of HIV on time off work, adjusted for calendar period and age

Factor	Overall absence from work, OR	Medical, RRR‡	Leave, RRR‡	Unauthorised, RRR‡
HIV status and years since seroconversion*	p<0.001	p<0.001	p<0.001	p<0.001
Negative	1−	1−	1−	1−
Positive (all years)	1.36 (1.33 to 1.39)	2.75 (2.58 to 2.94)	1.09 (1.07 to 1.11)	1.92 (1.84 to 2.01)
Positive: <2	1.40 (1.36 to 1.45)	2.66 (2.45 to 2.90)	1.16 (1.13 to 1.19)	1.95 (1.84 to 2.06)
Positive: 2 to <4	1.31 (1.27 to 1.35)	2.57 (2.35 to 2.81)	1.06 (1.03 to 1.10)	1.82 (1.70 to 1.93)
Positive: 4 to <6	1.35 (1.29 to 1.40)	2.81 (2.53 to 3.11)	1.06 (1.02 to 1.09)	1.96 (1.80 to 2.14)
Positive: 6 to <8	1.38 (1.31 to 1.46)	2.94 (2.54 to 3.41)	1.09 (1.04 to 1.13)	2.05 (1.83 to 2.30)
Positive: 8+	1.45 (1.33 to 1.59)	3.56 (2.92 to 4.34)	1.06 (0.99 to 1.13)	2.33 (1.90 to 2.87)
HIV status and years before death†	p<0.001	p<0.001	p<0.001	p<0.001
Negative	1−	1−	1−	1−
Positive: >2 years before death	1.41 (1.34 to 1.49)	3.05 (2.62 to 3.56)	1.09 (1.05 to 1.14)	2.10 (1.90 to 2.32)
Positive: penultimate year	1.59 (1.45 to 1.73)	4.31 (3.62 to 5.13)	1.10 (1.01 to 1.20)	2.03 (1.75 to 2.35)
Positive: final year	3.27 (2.95 to 3.63)	13.6 (11.8 to 15.6)	1.51 (1.31 to 1.73)	3.75 (3.15 to 4.46)

^*Adjusted OR and RR ratio (RRR) with 95% CI are from a regression model including calendar time, age and HIV status/years since seroconversion.

^†Adjusted OR and RRR with 95% CI are from a regression model including calendar time, age and HIV status/years before death. All data from HIV-negative miners are used together with data from those HIV-positive miners who died during follow-up from natural causes.

^‡RR ratio values with 95% CI are given relative to being at work.