Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics of 301 Patients with First Episode Depression, Totally and by Age-of-Onset
| Characteristic | Total (N=301) | Age ≤ 30 Years (N=99) | Age > 30 Years (N=202) | P 1 | B /OR (95% CI)2 Early vs Late Onset (Adjusted for Gender) | P 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severity of depression4, N (%) | ||||||
| Mild | 73 (24.3) | 19 (19.2) | 54 (26.7) | 0.6 (0.3-1.2) | 0.1 | |
| Moderate | 161 (53.5 | 56 (56.6) | 105 (52.0) | 0.4 | 0.8 (0.4-1.5) | 0.5 |
| Severe | 67 (22.3) | 24 (24.2) | 43 (21.3) | 1 | ||
| Melancholic features4, N (%) | 196 (65.1) | 58 (58.6) | 138 (68.3) | 0.1 | 0.7 (0.4-1.2) | 0.2 |
| Psychotic features4, N (%) | 13 (4.3) | 4 (4.0) | 9 (4.5) | 0.9 | 1.4 (0.4-5.0) | 0.6 |
| Suicidal ideations4, N (%) | 194 (64.5) | 69 (69.7) | 125 (61.9) | 0.2 | 1.6 (0.9-2.7) | 0.09 |
| Atypical features4, N (%) | 11 (3.7) | 10 (10.1) | 1 (0.5) | <0.0005 | 15.4 (1.9-122.9) | 0.01 |
| Psychiatric co-morbidity4, N (%) | ||||||
| Anxiety/OCD | 143 (47.5) | 53 (53.5) | 90 (44.6) | 0.1 | 1.2 (0.7-2.0) | 0.4 |
| Alcohol abuse | 45 (15.0) | 7 (7.1) | 38 (18.8) | 0.007 | 0.4 (0.2-0.9) | 0.03 |
| Drug abuse | 22 (7.3) | 14 (14.1) | 8 (4.0) | 0.001 | 4.1 (1.6-10.8) | 0.004 |
| Somatoform/eating disorders | 14 (4.7) | 8 (8.1) | 6 (3.0) | 0.05 | 2.1 (0.7-6.4) | 0.2 |
| Personality disorders5, N (%) | ||||||
| Any personality disorder | ||||||
| Cluster A | ||||||
| Paranoid | 96 (31.9) | 55 (55.6) | 41 (20.3) | <0.0005 | 4.8 (2.8-8.3) | <0.0005 |
| Schizotypal | 3 (1.0) | 2 (2.0) | 1 (0.5) | 0.2 | 2.8 (0.2-31.1) | 0.4 |
| Schizoid | 3 (1.0) | 2 (2.0) | 1 (0.5) | 0.2 | 8.2 (0.7-105.7) | 0.1 |
| Cluster B | 3 (1.0) | 2 (2.0) | 1 (0.5) | 0.2 | 4.8 (0.4-62.1) | 0.2 |
| Antisocial | 9 (3.0) | 5 (5.1) | 4 (2.0) | 0.1 | 3.5 (0.1-1.8) | 0.09 |
| Borderline | 35 (11.6) | 26 (26.3) | 9 (4.5) | <0.0005 | 6.2 (2.7-14.2) | <0.0005 |
| Histrionic | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - |
| Narcissisitic | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.5) | 0.5 | - | - |
| Cluster C | 30 (10.0) | 14 (14.1) | 16 (7.9) | 0.09 | 1.6 (0.7-3.4) | 0.3 |
| Evasive | 12 (4.) | 9 (9.1) | 3 (1.5) | 0.002 | 9.8 (2.3-41.0) | 0.002 |
| Dependent | 19 (6.3) | 10 (10.1) | 9 (4.5) | 0.06 | 3.4 (1.2-9.4) | 0.02 |
| Obsessive-compulsive | 26 (8.6) | 14 (14.1) | 12 (5.9) | 0.02 | 2.0 (0.9-4.7) | 0.1 |
| Depressive | ||||||
| Personality traits6, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Neuroticism-score | 11.6 (6.3) | 14.0 (5.5) | 10.5 (6.3) | <0.0005 | -2.7 (-4.4- -1.0) | 0.002 |
| Extroversion-score | 11.5 (5.4) | 11.4 (5.7) | 11.5 (5.3) | 0.9 | -0.05 (-1.6-1.5) | 1.0 |
| Anxiety score7, mean (SD) | 10.2 (6.2) | 10.7 (5.7) | 10.0 (6.4) | 0.4 | 0.1 (-1.4-1.7) | 0.9 |
| Family history of psychiatric illness in 1. generation, N (%) | ||||||
| Depression | 87 (28.9) | 33 (33.3) | 54 (26.7) | 0.2 | 1.4 (0.8-2.5) | 0.20 |
| Any psychiatric illness | 199 (66.1) | 67 (67.7) | 132 (65.3) | 0.7 | 1.0 (0.6-1.6) | 0.9 |
| Family history of suicide in 1. generation, N (%) | 10 (3.3) | 2 (2.0) | 8 (4.0) | 0.4 | 0.5 (0.1-2.3) | 0.3 |
| One or more stressful life events8, N (%) | 189 (62.8) | 46 (46.5) | 143 (70.8) | <0.0005 | 0.4 (0.2-0.7) | 0.001 |
P-values (2-sided) in univariate analyses comparing patients with early and late onset (χ2-test categorical data and t-test for continuous data).
Correlation coefficients in multiple regression models / odds-ratios in logistic regression models; the effect of age-of-onset adjusted for the affect of gender.
P-values (2-sided) in the regression models.
According to Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN).
According to The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II).
According to Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ).
According to Symptom Rating Scale for Depression and Anxiety, Anxiety Subscale.
According to Interview of Recent Life Events (IRLE).