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. 2011 Jul 26;18(4):291–303. doi: 10.1093/dnares/dsr022

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© The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Kazusa DNA Research Institute.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Morphology and immunostimulatory activity of SFBs grown in SFB-monoassociated gnotobiotic mice. (A) Electron microscopic examination of SFBs. BALB/c germ-free mice were colonized with the SFB, and the terminal ilea collected 14 days after inoculation were examined by scanning electron microscopy. SFBs show a characteristic long filamentous morphology and preferentially colonized around Peyer's patches. Epithelial cell surfaces to which SFB attach are deeply indented. (B) Induction of Th1 and Th17 cells by SFB colonization. Intestinal LPLs were isolated from BALB/c germ-free mice or SFB-monoassociated gnotobiotic mice and the percentages of IFN-γ⁺ or IL-17⁺ cells within the CD4⁺ lymphocyte population in each LPL preparation were determined by FACS analysis.