Table 2.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of human subjects

	AKI or CKD (n = 25)	Healthy volunteers* (n = 25)
Mean age,† years + SD	64.8 + 19.5	35.6 + 10.7
Female,‡ %	64	68
Black,§ %	20	16
Cause of elevated sCr	AKI from shock or sepsis (72%), obstruction (4%), multifactorial (12%), prerenal (4%), CKD (8%)
Mean (SD) peak sCr	4.5 (4.7) mg/dL

^*Healthy volunteers were excluded if they reported a diagnosis of CKD; sCR was not measured.

^†P < .001.

^‡P = .73.

^§P = .68.