Table 1.
Pooled Relative Risks of CHD Comparing ‘Highest’ to ‘Lowest’ Physical Activity Categories
| Type of Activity | Gender | Studies | Relative Risk (95% CI) | I squared (%) | # Studies* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LTPA | Combined | All Studies | 0.74 (0.69, 0.78) | 28.3 | 26 |
| Quant | 0.71 (0.63, 0.80) | 39.8 | 9 | ||
| Men | All Studies | 0.78 (0.73, 0.82) | 0 | 15 | |
| Quant | 0.79 (0.72, 0.86) | 0 | 5 | ||
| Women | All Studies | 0.67 (0.61, 0.74) | 12.5 | 11 | |
| Quant | 0.64 (0.52, 0.79) | 40.6 | 5 | ||
| Walking Time | Combined | All Studies | 0.71 (0.59, 0.84) | 44.7 | 7 |
| Quant | 0.67 (0.57, 0.79) | 37.2 | 5 | ||
| Men | All Studies | 0.63 (0.34, 1.17) | 76.9 | 2 | |
| Quant | 0.63 (0.34, 1.17) | 76.9 | 2 | ||
| Women | All Studies | 0.65 (0.55, 0.76) | 0 | 4 | |
| Quant | 0.64 (0.54, 0.76) | 0 | 3 | ||
| Walking Pace | Combined | All Studies | 0.53 (0.43, 0.66) | 0 | 3 |
| Quant | 0.51 (0.35, 0.74) | 0 | 2 | ||
| Men | All Studies | 0.53 (0.42, 0.67) | 0 | 2 | |
| Women | All Studies | 1 | |||
| Occupational PA | Combined | All Studies | 0.84 (0.79, 0.90) | 0 | 4 |
| Men | All Studies | 0.87 (0.81, 0.99) | 0 | 3 | |
| Women | All Studies | 1 | |||
| Transport PA | Combined | All Studies | 0.87 (0.74, 1.02) | 81.0 | 4 |
| Men | All Studies | 0.93 (0.85, 1.02) | 25.9 | 3 | |
| Women | All Studies | 0.74 (0.57, 0.97) | 73.2 | 2 | |
| ‘Total’ PA | Combined | All Studies | 0.74 (0.62, 0.90) | 0 | 3 |
| Men | All Studies | 0.79 (0.59, 1.07) | 18.9 | 2 | |
| Women | All Studies | 0.66 (0.44, 0.99) | 0 | 2 | |
| Non-Specific PA | Combined | All Studies | 1 | ||
| All Studies | Combined | All Studies | 0.75 (0.71, 0.79) | 47.6 | 33** |
| LTPA | Leisure-time physical activity |
| All Studies | Includes studies that characterized physical activity qualitatively or quantitatively |
| Quant | Includes only those studies that categorized physical activity quantitatively |
| I squared | Percentage of variation across studies that is due to heterogeneity rather than chance |
*
Actual number of comparisons included was greater than the number of studies for several types of physical activity, as some studies provided comparisons for both genders. In particular, the 26 studies of LTPA provided 30 comparisons, and the 9 quantitative studies of LTPA provided 10 comparisons.
**
These 33 studies included 56 physical activity-type-specific assessments; many studies included comparisons from multiple physical activity types (e.g., LTPA, walking time, and walking pace assessed in the same study), and/or comparisons from both genders.