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Genetic progression model of HNSCC. Normal epithelium progresses to benign hyperplasia and dysplasia by sequential genetic losses of 9p21, 3p and 17p13. Subsequently, carcinoma in situ (CIS) and frank carcinoma (SCC, squamous cell carcinoma) develops through the alterations of several chromosomal regions. H & E photomicrographs were from unpublished observation in the authors’ laboratory.
