TABLE 2.
Characteristics of participants by quartiles of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Naturally Nutrient Rich (NNR) score12
| Quartiles of HEI |
Quartiles of NNR |
|||||||
| 1 (low) | 2 | 3 | 4 (high) | 1 (low) | 2 | 3 | 4 (high) | |
| n | 479 | 448 | 427 | 381 | 434 | 434 | 434 | 433 |
| Age, y | 25.0 ± 6.70 | 24.5 ± 6.34 | 25.5 ± 6.80 | 26.4 ± 7.09* | 25.2 ± 6.40 | 24.6 ± 6.63 | 25.4 ± 7.00 | 26.0 ± 6.92* |
| Education, n (%) | ||||||||
| <12 y | 175 (36.0) | 168 (37.7) | 133 (31.7) | 96 (25.3)* | 165 (37.8) | 153 (35.0) | 145 (33.5) | 109 (25.7)* |
| 12 y | 201 (42.5) | 170 (38.1) | 176 (41.1) | 143 (37.6) | 181 (42.2) | 179 (41.7) | 154 (35.3) | 176 (40.5) |
| >12 y | 102 (21.5) | 108 (24.2) | 117 (27.2) | 141 (37.1) | 85 (20.0) | 102 (23.3) | 134 (31.2) | 147 (33.8) |
| Race, n (%) | ||||||||
| Black | 432 (90.2) | 400 (89.5) | 372 (87.1) | 278 (73.2)* | 364 (84.1) | 381 (87.6) | 383 (88.5) | 354 (81.9)* |
| White/other | 47 (9.8) | 47 (10.5) | 55 (12.9) | 102 (26.8) | 69 (15.9) | 53 (12.4) | 51 (11.5) | 78 (18.1) |
| Energy intake, kJ/d | 13,600 ± 5380 | 12,600 ± 5850 | 12,300 ± 5860 | 11,000 ± 4990 | 13,700 ± 5960 | 13,600 ± 5750 | 12,300 ± 5390 | 10,300 ± 4600 |
| GI | 55.9 ± 3.42 | 55.3 ± 3.47 | 55.2 ± 3.49 | 54.0 ± 3.45* | 56.1 ± 3.24 | 55.7 ± 3.19 | 55.2 ± 3.25 | 53.5 ± 4.80* |
| GL | 186 ± 79.1 | 194 ± 90.4 | 200 ± 93.9 | 187 ± 88.5 | 213 ± 93.2 | 205 ± 88.2 | 190 ± 84.8 | 159 ± 75.1* |
| HEI | 40.5 ± 5.41 | 51.7 ± 2.26 | 59.1 ± 2.09 | 69.0 ± 5.13* | 48.1 ± 9.50 | 51.2 ± 9.83 | 56.1 ± 9.85 | 61.4 ± 10.6* |
| NNR score | 80.0 ± 13.9 | 85.6 ± 17.7 | 89.8 ± 17.6 | 103 ± 19.8* | 67.9 ± 6.26 | 81.1 ± 2.92 | 92.3 ± 3.75 | 115 ± 15.1* |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.1 ± 8.04 | 29.5 ± 8.29 | 30.0 ± 8.31 | 30.3 ± 8.94 | 29.4 ± 8.36 | 29.6 ± 8.15 | 30.0 ± 8.28 | 29.8 ± 8.72 |
| Cigarette use,3n (%) | ||||||||
| No | 344 (72.9) | 327 (73.0) | 312 (73.5) | 281 (74.3) | 295 (68.4) | 309 (72.1) | 324 (75.4) | 336 (77.7)* |
| Yes | 132 (27.1) | 121 (27.0) | 110 (26.5) | 97 (25.7) | 138 (31.6) | 121 (27.9) | 107 (24.6) | 94 (22.3) |
| Alcohol use,3n (%) | ||||||||
| Never | 220 (46.2) | 213 (47.5) | 206 (48.8) | 177 (46.8) | 193 (44.3) | 200 (46.3) | 220 (51.3) | 203 (47.2) |
| ≤Once/mo | 117 (24.8) | 107 (23.9) | 103 (24.4) | 97 (25.7) | 108 (25.2) | 103 (24.0) | 96 (22.3) | 117 (27.2) |
| Once/wk – several times/mo | 85 (17.9) | 83 (18.5) | 66 (15.9) | 59 (15.6) | 74 (17.1) | 79 (18.4) | 72 (16.7) | 68 (16.1) |
| Several times/wk – every day | 54 (11.3) | 45 (10.0) | 47 (10.9) | 45 (11.9) | 58 (13.4) | 48 (11.4) | 43 (9.7) | 42 (9.5) |
| Vaginal flora, n (%) | ||||||||
| Normal | 150 (31.7) | 157 (35.6) | 143 (34.0) | 148 (39.0) | 134 (31.0) | 143 (33.7) | 141 (32.9) | 180 (41.7)* |
| Intermediate | 97 (19.9) | 104 (23.6) | 96 (23.0) | 82 (21.6) | 103 (23.8) | 99 (23.0) | 98 (22.7) | 79 (18.5) |
| BV | 230 (48.4) | 180 (40.8) | 182 (43.0) | 150 (39.5) | 195 (45.1) | 185 (43.3) | 189 (44.4) | 173 (39.8) |
| Number of sex partners,3n (%) | ||||||||
| 0 | 99 (20.4) | 96 (21.4) | 83 (20.1) | 87 (23.0) | 78 (17.8) | 97 (22.3) | 93 (21.6) | 97 (23.0)* |
| 1 | 336 (70.8) | 319 (71.2) | 317 (74.6) | 272 (72.0) | 316 (73.0) | 301 (70.0) | 311 (72.4) | 316 (73.0) |
| 2 or more | 41 (8.8) | 33 (7.4) | 22 (5.2) | 19 (5.0) | 39 (9.2) | 32 (7.7) | 27 (6.0) | 17 (4.0) |
| Douching frequency,3n (%) | ||||||||
| Never | 252 (53.4) | 253 (56.5) | 249 (58.5) | 213 (56.4) | 236 (54.5) | 219 (51.3) | 257 (59.8) | 255 (58.8) |
| <Once/wk | 162 (33.8) | 145 (32.4) | 127 (30.6) | 127 (33.6) | 144 (33.0) | 155 (35.9) | 124 (28.8) | 138 (32.6) |
| Once/wk | 43 (9.1) | 25 (5.6) | 33 (7.8) | 27 (7.1) | 32 (7.4) | 38 (8.9) | 31 (7.2) | 27 (6.3) |
| Several times/wk – every day | 17 (3.8) | 25 (5.6) | 13 (3.1) | 11 (2.9) | 21 (5.1) | 17 (4.0) | 18 (4.2) | 10 (2.3) |
| Hormonal contraception,3n (%) | ||||||||
| No | 246 (51.4) | 197 (44.1) | 190 (44.9) | 178 (46.8) | 214 (49.2) | 208 (47.7) | 187 (43.7) | 202 (47.1) |
| Yes | 233 (48.6) | 250 (55.9) | 235 (55.1) | 202 (53.2) | 219 (50.8) | 226 (52.3) | 246 (56.4) | 229 (52.9) |
1
Values are or means ± SD. Asterisks indicate P ≤ 0.05 based on Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables.
2
GI, glycemic index; GL, glycemic load.
3
Since the last visit.