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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Aug 22.
Published in final edited form as: Cytokine. 2009 Apr 1;46(3):319–324. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.02.015

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Hypothetical CXCL-10-mediated Th1 inflammation activation model pathway to the syndrome of frailty in older adults. The hypothetical causal directionality between CXCL-10 upregulation and IL-6 elevation remains to be determined in future longitudinal and/or interventional studies.