TABLE 1.

Summary of Previously Published Work on Breast Phantoms for Microwave Imaging Applications

Materials used for construction	Breast shape	εr, σ(S/m) of constituents				Frequency (GHz)	Citation
		Skin	Fat	Fibroglandular	Tumor
Corn syrup, NaCl, agar	Cylinder			εr=23 σ=0.2	εr=53.5 σ=1.2	1.35	[5]
Corn syrup, agar	Cylinder			εr=42 σ=0.67	εr=74 σ=1.6	0.9	[6]
Silicone sheet dough, alginate	Cylinder	εr ~ 34.3 σ=2–4	εr=4.5–4 σ=0.06–0.2		εr ~ 43.7 σ=5–8	1–7	[7]
Oil-in-gelatin	Realistic	εr=40–30 σ=0.6–10.5	εr=8–7.1 σ=0.05–1.1			1–11	[8]
Liquid, gelatin, polythene	Hemisphere	εr=35 σ NA	εr=10 σ NA	εr=27 σ NA	εr=50 σ NA	3	[9]
Dough, water	Truncated cone			εr=80–64 σ=0.1–15	εr=50–27 σ=0.1–9	1–9	[10]
Isoparaffin, salt, sugar, water	Realistic	εr=40.8 σ=1.79	εr=5.3 σ=0.13			2.5	[11]
Oil-in-gelatin	Realistic	εr=34–21 σ=0.5–10	εr=7.5–5.5 σ=0.01–1.8	εr=25–22.5 σ=0.5–10	εr=47.5–30 σ=0.5–015	0.05–13.51	[12]
Oil-in-gelatin	Cylinder	εr=46–35 σ=12.5–18	εr=5–4.5 σ ~ 1	εr=26–20 σ=2.5–5	εr=55–40 σ=15–21	0.5–8	[13]

Blank entry: Phantom did not have listed constituent.

NA: Not available (phantom included listed constituent, but the dielectric properties were not reported).