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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2011 Jul 6;73(4):595–603. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.026

Table 2. Sex Differences in Low Control, High Demand, and Long Work Hours.

Britain Japan Finland

% Model 1
(Age -adjusted)
OR (95%CI)
Model 2
(Model 1 +SES)
OR (95%CI)
% Model 1
(Age -adjusted)
OR (95%CI)
Model 2
(Model 1 +SES)
OR (95%CI)
% Model 1
(Age -adjusted)
OR (95%CI)
Model 2
(Model 1 +SES)
OR (95%CI)
Low control
 Men 25.7 1.00 1.00 30.8 1.00 1.00 28.3 1.00 1.00
 Women 49.4 2.79(2.51-3.10) 1.19(1.05-1.35) 39.5 1.46(1.21-1.76) 0.96(0.78-1.17) 27.5 0.97(0.86-1.10) 0.80(0.70-0.93)
High demand
 Men 35.1 1.00 1.00 21.6 1.00 1.00 36.3 1.00 1.00
 Women 26.7 0.69(0.62-0.77) 1.26(1.11-1.43) 35.7 1.99(1.63-2.43) 2.30(1.86-2.84) 43.3 1.34(1.20-1.50) 1.59(1.41-1.79)
Long Work
 Men 28.2 1.00 1.00 22.3 1.00 1.00 21.5 1.00 1.00
 Women 15.5 0.47(0.42-0.54) 0.77(0.66-0.88) 34.1 1.76(1.44-2.15) 1.85(1.50-2.28) 13.2 0.56(0.49-0.64) 0.65(0.56-0.76)

Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; SES: socioeconomic status (i.e. grades of employment)

Model 1 was adjusted for age.

Model 2 was adjusted for age and SES.