Table 1.
Old and New World arenaviruses. Representatives of the 28 known arenaviruses together with their groups and clades are listed. Eight of these cause human diseases. Each virus has a distinct reservoir species, listed with the country or region where it can be found. The cellular receptor for Old World (OW) viruses and NW clade C viruses is α-dystroglycan (αDG) [45, 47]. All five NW hemorrhagic fever viruses — all clade B — utilized human TfR1 as well as their host-species TfR1 orthologs. Two other nonpathogenic clade B viruses, AMAV and TCRV, use their host-species TfR1 orthologs, but not human TfR1 [17]. All known clade B viruses are represented. Clade A/B viruses have GP proteins that derive from a clade B progenitor virus.
| Name | Clade | Abbr. | Human disease | Host species and region | Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lassa | OW | LASV | Lassa fever | Mastomys natalensis (rat); West Africa | αDG [45] |
| Lymphocytic choriomeningitis | OW | LCMV | Lymphocytic choriomeningitis | Mus musculus (house mouse); ubiquitous | αDG [45, 46] |
| Lujo | OW | LUJV | HF | Unknown, South Africa | αDG |
| Pichinde | A | PICV | – | Oryzomys albigulans; Columbia | ? |
| Parana | A | PARV | – | Oryzomys buccinatus; Paraguay | ? |
| Pirital | A | PIRV | – | Sigmodon alstoni; Venezuela | ? |
| Tamiami | A/B | TAMV | – | Sigmodon hispidus (cotton rat); South Florida, USA | ? |
| Bear Canyon | A/B | BCNV | – | Peromyscus californicus; Southern California, USA | ? |
| Whitewater Arroyo | A/B | WWAV | – | Neotoma micropus (woodrat); Texas, USA | ? |
| Junin | B | JUNV | Argentine HF | Calomys musculinus (corn mouse); Argentina | TfR1 [11] |
| Machupo | B | MACV | Bolivian HF | Calomys callosus (vesper mouse); Bolivia | TfR1 [11] |
| Tacaribe | B | TCRV | – | Artibeus jamaicensis (bat), Trinidad | Host TfR1 [17] |
| Guanarito | B | GTOV | Venezuelan HF | Zygodontomys brevicauda (cane mouse); Venezuela | TfR1 [11] |
| Amapari | B | AMAV | – | Neacomys spinosus (bristly mouse); Brazil | Host TfR1 [17] |
| Cupixi | B | CPXV | – | Oryzomys goeldii (rice rat); Brazil | ? |
| Sabia | B | SABV | Brazilian HF | Unknown; Brazil | TfR1 [11] |
| Chapare | B | CHPV | HF | Unknown; Bolivia | TfR1 |
| Oliveros | C | OLVV | – | Necromys benefactus; Argentina | αDG [47] |
| Latino | C | LATV | – | Calomys callosus (vesper mouse); Bolivia | αDG [47] |