Figure 1.

Common pathological processes in AD and T2DM. Ninety percent homologous structure was shown between Aβ which is a hallmark pathology in AD and IAPP which is involved in T2DM. Insulin abnormality is attributed to AD by promoting Aβ deposite, and τ protein hyperphosphorylation. GSK3 is a key kinase to promoteτ protein hyperphosphorylation and glycogen biosynthesis.

Abbreviations: AD: Alzheimer’s disease; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; IAPP: islet amyloid polypeptide; Aβ: Amyloid β; GSK3: glycogen synthase kinase.