Table 1.
Sample Description
| Statistic | Total Sample | CBT | CR | Test (2-Tailed) | P | |
| N | 198 | 99 | 99 | |||
| Anamnestic information | ||||||
| Age (y) at study inclusion | Mean (SD) | 36.9 (9.9) | 37.6 (9.8) | 36.2 (10.0) | t test | .32 |
| Age (y) at first hospitalizationa | Mean (SD) | 24.4 (8.9) | 24.5 (8.7) | 24.3 (9.1) | t test | .87 |
| Gender (female) | % | 43.9 | 41.4 | 46.5 | Fishers exact test | .57 |
| First hospitalization | % | 4.5 | 4.0 | 5.1 | Fishers exact test | 1.00 |
| Number of previous hospitalizations | Median (range) | 3 (0-48) | 3 (0-48) | 3 (0-47) | U testb | .65 |
| Mother and/or father with schizophreniaa | % | 8.1 | 9.1 | 7.1 | Fishers exact test | .79 |
| Diagnosis (according to DSM-IV/SCID I) | ||||||
| Schizophrenia, paranoid type | % | 60.1 | 58.6 | 61.6 | Fishers exact test | .77 |
| Schizophrenia, residual type | % | 31.8 | 33.3 | 30.3 | Fishers exact test | .76 |
| Schizophrenia, other types | % | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | Fishers exact test | 1.00 |
| Comorbidity Axis I (according to DSM-IV/SCID-I) | % | 15.7 | 16.7 | 15.2 | Fishers exact test | 1.00 |
| Symptoms | ||||||
| Global assessment of functioning scale (GAF) | Mean (SD) | 59.2 (8.8) | 59.3 (9.6) | 59.2 (7.9) | t test | .96 |
| Positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) | ||||||
| Modified negative syndrome score (PANSS-MNS) | Mean (SD) | 3.0 (0.8) | 3.1 (0.8) | 3.0 (0.7) | t-test | .50 |
| Positive syndrome (standard scale P1–P7) | Mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | t test | .92 |
| Negative syndrome (standard scale N1–N7) | Mean (SD) | 2.6 (0.7) | 2.7 (0.7) | 2.6 (0.7) | t test | .82 |
| General psychopathology (standard scale G1–G16) | Mean (SD) | 1.9 (0.5) | 1.9 (0.4) | 1.9 (0.5) | t test | .66 |
| Persistence of negative symptoms >6 mo | % | 84.9 | 86.9 | 82.8 | Fishers exact test | .82 |
| Symptom checklist SCL-90-R, GSI | Mean (SD) | 0.9 (0.6) | 1.0 (0.7) | 0.9 (0.5) | t test | .25 |
| Verbal-IQ (MWT-B) | Mean (SD) | 107.6 (15.8) | 106.1 (15.8) | 109.2 (16.2) | t test | .18 |
| Medication | ||||||
| Dose of antipsychotic medication (converted to mg chlorpromazine) | Mean (SD) | 543 (400) | 525 (333) | 561 (460) | U test | .74 |
| Medication-compliance (% favorable) | % | 88.7 | 91.8 | 85.6. | Fishers exact test | .18 |
| Social situation | ||||||
| Occupation | ||||||
| Employed, without support | % | 24.2 | 24.2 | 24.2 | Fishers exact test | 1.00 |
| Supported employment/unemployed/housewife | % | 75.8 | 75.8 | 75.8 | ||
| Financial support | ||||||
| None | % | 21.2 | 24.2 | 18.2 | Fishers exact test | .44 |
| Supported by family or government | % | 78.3 | 74.8 | 81.8 | ||
| Living condition | ||||||
| Unsupported | % | 68.2 | 67.7 | 68.7 | Fishers exact test | .72 |
| Supported (by family/supported housing) | % | 22.7 | 20.2 | 25.3 | ||
| Social contact | ||||||
| Frequent contacts (once a week or more) | % | 44.4 | 42.4 | 46.5 | Fishers exact test | .22 |
| Rare contacts (less than once a week) | % | 55.6 | 57.6 | 53.5 | ||
| Relatives | ||||||
| Rare contacts (less than weekly/no relatives) | % | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | Fishers exact test | .88 |
| With contact (once a week or more) | % | 90.9 | 90.9 | 90.9 |
Note: CBT, Cognitive behavioral therapy; CR, Cognitive remediation; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; SCID, Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV; GSI, Global severity index; MWT-B, Multiple-choice vocabulary test.
a
More than 10% missing values.
b
U test has been computed because of not normal distribution.