Fig. 11.

Simulations showing the effect of initial conditions. It demonstrates changes in epidemic outcomes for two different values of initial fraction of infected individuals, I ₀ /N = 10⁷ (a and c) and I ₀ /N = 10⁸ (b and d). The model used is (2.5) with f ₀ = 0, p ₀ = 0.1, t ₀ = 30, and t _v = 0. We observe that for the case of I ₀ /N = 10⁸, a second wave occurred around t = 350 and the final cumulative infections with vaccination is higher than that without vaccination