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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Aug 2.
Published in final edited form as: Langmuir. 2011 Jun 30;27(15):9418–9424. doi: 10.1021/la201588s

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Possible mechanism of stiffening by a) formation of an ion crosslink through outflow of ions, leading to mass loss; b) formation of a viologen radical dimer, leading to loss of chloride ions and mass loss; and c) formation of a violgen radical dimer, with influx of sodium ions and mass gain.