Table 4.

Overview of the Item Content of 10 Violence Risk Assessment Tools Developed for Psychiatric Populations and the Reporting Characteristics of Their Outpatient Prediction Literatures

Scale	Grading Criteria	Risk Assessment Tool
		COVR	HCR-20	HKT-30	SAPROF	SORM	START	UK700	VRAG	V-RISK-10	VRS
Item content	Static factors included	•	•	•	•	—	—	•	•	•	•
	Dynamic factors included	•	•	•	•	•	•	—	—	•	•
	Risk factors included	•	•	•	—	•	•	•	•	•	•
	Protective factors included	—	—	—	•	•	•	•	•	—	—
Validitya	Predictive validity tested prospectively	•	•	•	—	•	—	—	•	•	•
	Predictive validity tested in civil psychiatric patients	•	•	•	—	—	—	•	•	•	—
	Predictive validity tested in forensic psychiatric patients	—	•	•	•	•	•	—	•	—	•
	Convergent validity tested	—	•	•	•	—	•	—	•	—	•
	Divergent validity tested	—	•	—	•	—	•	—	—	—	•
Reliabilitya	Interrater reliability tested	—b	•	•	•	•	•	—	•	•	•
	Internal consistency tested	—c	•	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Note: Abbreviations are explained in the first footnote to table 1.

^aIn the context of predicting the likelihood of community violence.

^bAs the COVR is administered using computer software and self-report, the instrument’s interrater reliability cannot be evaluated.

^cAs the COVR uses an iterative classification tree to assess violence risk, the item content on the instrument will differ depending on the individual. Therefore, internal consistency cannot be evaluated.