Meta Analysis Diagnostics
| Reality distortion | r | Type of N | Critical N | Q statistic | p | Significant study characteristics | Number of Studies dropped for homogeneity | r | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verbal Memory | -.01 | S | 59101 | 17.35 | .36 | ||||
| Visual Memory | .01 | S | 59398 | 8.13 | .62 | ||||
| Working Memory | -.00 | S | 3840748 | 10.32 | .92 | ||||
| Reasoning and Problem solving | -.06 | FD | 485 | 32.05 | .23 | ||||
| Speed of processing | -.03 | S | 3033 | 67.59 | <.01 | Gender, Sample Size | Bell et al., 1994 | .01 | .76 |
| Attention | -.12 | FD | 1295 | 5.61 | .85 | ||||
| Combined Category | r | Type of N | Critical N | Q statistic | p | Significant study characteristics | Number of Studies dropped for homogeneity | r | P |
| Verbal Memory | -.07 | FD | 5493 | 19.17 | .12 | ||||
| Visual Memory | -.15 | FD | 1443 | 8.42 | .39 | ||||
| Working Memory | -.06 | FD | 1895 | 30.58 | <.01 | Education |
Bressi et al., 1996 Pukrop et al., 2003 |
-.06 | .01 |
| Reasoning and Problem solving | -.03 | S | 898 | 54.44 | <.01 | (*) |
Braff et al., 1991 Bryson, Bell, Grieg, 1999 |
-.01 | .47 |
| Speed of processing | -.02 | S | 8439 | 26.05 | .19 | ||||
| Attention | .04 | FD | 187 | 21.00 | .14 | ||||
| Disorganization | r | Type of N | Critical N | Q statistic | p | Significant study characteristics | Number of Studies dropped for homogeneity | r | P |
| Verbal Memory | -.20 | FD | 22907 | 45.94 | <.01 | (*) | Eckman and Shean, 2000, Mohamed et al., 1999 | -.19 | <.01 |
| Visual Memory | -.20 | FD | 9286 | 27.95 | .01 | Gender | Mohamed et al.,1991 | -.23 | <.01 |
| Working Memory | -.20 | FD | 7989 | 20.51 | .43 | ||||
| Reasoning and Problem solving | -.24 | FD | 74399 | 77.03 | <.01 | Sample Size |
Franke et al., 1992, Klingberg, Wittorf, Wiedemann, 2006, Nestor et al., 1998 |
-.28 | <.01 |
| Speed of processing | -.26 | FD | 101862 | 64.68 | .01 | (*) |
Eckman & Shean, 2000, Mohamed et al., 1991, Hofer et al., 2007 |
-.25 | <.01 |
| Attention | -.25 | FD | 31184 | 40.32 | <.01 | (*) | Mohamed et al., 1999 | -.27 | <.01 |
Note: 1) Only 2 studies were outliers in more than one of the neurocognitive domains: Eckman and Shean, 2000 (2 domains) and Mohamed et al., 1999 (4 domains) whereas all other studies showed discrepancies only in one domain. 2) for Type of N, S = number of studies with the same effect size required to get a significant result and FD = number of unpublished studies with an r of 0 required to make this result not significant (file drawer problem). 3) for Significant Study Characteristics an (*) indicates that study heterogeneity was not associated with any of the study parameters.