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Retinal production using the MEP and MVA pathways. Retinal production, β-carotene production, and cell growth of E. coli harboring pT-HB, pT-HBSR, pT-DHB, and pT-DHBSR and E. coli harboring pT-DHB, or pT-DHBSR with the MVA pathway plasmid of pS-NA. Culture was carried out in 2YT medium containing 0.5% (w/v) glycerol and 0.2% (w/v) arabinose for 48 hours at 29°C. Open bars and solid bars represent 24 hrs and 48 hrs, respectively.
