Level 3 | Plane should be developed with inferior epigastric vessels anteriorly and the cord structures posteriorly. |
In 2.75%, bleeding from epigastric branches, vessels on the pubic bone or testicular vessels can occur. | |
Level 4 | Inferior epigastric vessels were ligated in 3%, because they blocked the view of the surgeon. |
Inferior epigastric vessel injury occurred in 0.4% of patients during trocar insertion. |