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. 2011 Jul 13;25(9):2773–2843. doi: 10.1007/s00464-011-1799-6
Grade A When establishing pneumoperitoneum to gain access to the abdominal cavity, extreme caution is required. Be aware of the risk of injury.
The open access should be utilized as an alternative to the Veress needle technique, especially in patients after previous open abdominal surgery.
Grade C The technique of access should be adapted in case of obesity, previous intra-abdominal surgery, and abdominal wall hernias.