Table 1.
Adolescent Only vs. Abstainers OR (95% CI) |
Late Starters vs. Abstainers OR (95% CI) |
Persistent Users vs. Abstainers OR (95% CI) |
|
---|---|---|---|
Males (n=455) | |||
Family background | |||
-mother education (0=12+; 1=0–11) | 0.89 (0.44, 1.80) | 0.52 (0.25, 1.10) | 1.35 (0.78, 2.33) |
-teenage parenting (0=no; 1=yes) | 0.81 (0.40, 1.62) | 0.90 (0.43, 1.92) | 0.93 (0.55, 1.57) |
Classroom behavior rated by teacher | |||
Shy behavior (0=no; 1=yes) | 0.55 (0.24, 1.26) | 1.55 (0.74,3.26) | 0.71 (0.40, 1.24) |
Aggressive behavior (0=no; 1=yes) | 1.05 (0.49, 2.26) | 2.13 (1.01, 4.55)* | 1.14 (0.66, 1.97) |
Academic achievement | |||
-MRT scores (0=low to superior; 1=immature) | 0.50 (0.15, 1.65) | 0.67 (0.23, 1.96) | 0.98 (0.44, 2.18) |
-Math grade (0=A or B; 1=C or D) | 0.99 (0.47, 2.09) | 1.25 (0.53, 2.96) | 0.95 (0.53, 1.71) |
Females (n=495) | |||
Family background | |||
-Mother education (0=12+; 1=0–11) | 0.91 (0.50, 1.68) | 0.76 (0.47, 1.24) | |
-Teenage parenting (0=no; 1=yes) | 0.57 (0.30, 1.10) | 1.01 (0.60, 1.70) | |
Classroom behavior rated by teacher | |||
Shy behavior (0=no; 1=yes) | 2.51 (1.34, 4.72)* | 1.14 (0.67, 1.96) | |
Aggressive behavior (0=no; 1=yes) | 0.84 (0.40, 1.75) | 1.49 (0.87, 2.55) | |
Academic achievement | |||
-MRT scores (0=low to superior; 1=immature) | 0.65 (0.24, 1.79) | 0.78 (0.33, 1.80) | |
-Math grade (0=A or B; 1=C or D) | 1.01 (0.52, 1.94) | 0.80 (0.43, 1.49) |
Note:
p<.05
Mutlivariate models used multiple imputation (STATA ICE module) to account for missing data.