Table 2.
Adolescent Only vs. Abstainers OR (95% CI) |
Early Adult Decliners vs. Abstainers OR (95% CI) |
Late Starters vs. Abstainers OR (95% CI) |
Persistent Users vs. Abstainers OR (95% CI) |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Males (n=455) | ||||
Social bond | ||||
-School bonds (0=med/high; 1=low) | 1.13 (0.44, 2.91) | 1.30 (0.67, 2.53) | 0.84 (0.30, 2.37) | 1.85 (0.91, 3.76) |
-Family involvement (0=med/high; 1=low) | 1.59 (0.74, 3.43) | 0.74 (0.36, 1.54) | 0.40 (0.13, 1.29) | 0.97 (0.51, 1.82) |
-Parental supervision (re: drug) (0=high; 1=low) |
1.14 (0.47, 2.77) | 1.23 (0.60, 2.54) | 0.84 (0.35, 2.02) | 1.54 (0.72, 3.29) |
Academic achievement in adolescence | ||||
-Math scores (49–136) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.06) | 1.02 (0.99,1.05) | 1.00 (0.96, 1.04) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.02) |
-High school dropout (0=graduate; 1=dropout) |
0.56 (0.18, 1.78) | 2.60 (1.30,5.20)** | 1.42 (0.56, 3.60) | 1.88 (1.02, 3.44)* |
Females (n=495) | ||||
Social bond | ||||
-School bonds (0=med/high; 1=low) | 1.25 (0.58, 2.70) | 1.49 (0.51, 4.36) | 1.28 (0.63, 2.63) | |
-Family involvement (0=med/high; 1=low) | 1.74 (0.69, 4.42) | 2.33 (0.83, 6.53) | 2.00 (1.06, 3.77)* | |
-Parental supervision (re: drug) (0=high; 1=low) |
1.06 (0.53, 2.10) | 1.99 (0.70, 5.67) | 1.78 (0.96, 3.31) | |
Academic achievement in adolescence | ||||
-Math scores (60–136) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.96, 1.04) | 1.01 (0.97, 1.03) | |
-High school dropout (0=graduate; 1=dropout) |
1.69 (0.75, 3.79) | 1.01 (0.28, 3.66) | 2.30 (1.15, 4.60)* |
Note.
p<.05;
p<.01
Mutlivariate models used multiple imputation (STATA ICE module) to account for missing data.