FIG. 4.

NOD ligand–mediated circulating cytokine responses. A: Simultaneous analysis of the relative levels of 40 serum cytokines in WT mice 2 h after injection with saline, a NOD1 ligand (100 μg FK156 i.p.), a NOD2 ligand (100 μg MDP i.p.), or low dose of endotoxin (0.05 mg/kg of LPS). Quantification of serum levels of (B) TNFα and (C) CXCL1 by ELISA 2 h after injection of a NOD1 or NOD2 ligand or a low dose of LPS in WT mice. Quantification of serum levels of (D) TNFα and (E) CXCL1 in NOD1^−/− mice. Quantification of serum levels of (F) TNFα and (G) CXCL1 in NOD2^−/− mice. *P < 0.05, compared with saline injection. Data are means ± SE, n = 3 per group. See also Supplementary Fig. 5. A complete map of the cytokines corresponding to immunoreactive spots for the Mouse Cytokine Antibody Array, panel A (catalog no. ARY006) is available from R&D Systems. (A high-quality color representation of this figure is available in the online issue.)