Table 1.
Summary of the tumor biomarkers identified by using proteomics.
| Cancer type | Biomarker | Reference | Primary clinical use | Status | Sensitivity | Specificity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bladder cancer | NMP22 | (12) | Disease monitoring | Validated | Low | High |
| Breast cancer | CA15-3 | (13) | Disease monitoring | Validated | Moderate | Poor |
| CA27-29 | (14) | Disease monitoring | Validated | - | - | |
| CEA | (15) | Disease monitoring | Validated | - | Low | |
| Her2/Neu | (16) | Disease monitoring | Validated | - | Moderate | |
| Colorectal cancer | CEA | (17) | Disease monitoring | Validated | Moderate | Low |
| Esophageal | Periplakin | (18) | Disease monitoring | Validated | - | - |
| Gastrointestinal stromal tumor | CA19-9 | (19) | Disease monitoring | - | Poor | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | α-fetoprotein | (20) | Staging | Validated | - | Moderate |
| Leukemia | HnRNPs | (21) | Disease monitoring | Putative | - | - |
| Lung cancer | CEA | (22) | Disease monitoring | Validated | Low | |
| Epidermal GFR | (23) | Selection of therapy | Validated | Low | ||
| Cyfra21-1 | (24) | Disease monitoring | Validated | High | Very high | |
| Lymphoma | Histone H4 | (25) | Disease monitoring | Putative | - | - |
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | Serum amyloid A | (26) | Diagnosis | Putative | - | - |
| Ovarian cancer | Human chrionic gonadotropin-β | (27) | Staging | Validated | - | Low |
| Apolipoprotein A1 | (28) | Diagnosis | Putative | - | - | |
| Heptaglobin α-subunit | (29) | Diagnosis | Putative | - | - | |
| CA-125 | (30) | Diagnosis | Putative | - | ||
| Transthyretin fragment | (31) | Diagnosis | Putative | - | - | |
| Osteopotin | (32) | Diagnosis | Putative | - | - | |
| Pancreatic cancer | CA19-9 | (33) | Disease monitoring | Validated | High | Poor |
| α1-antitrypsin and α1-antichymotrypsin | (34) | Diagnosis | Putative | - | - | |
| Apolipoprotein A1 | (35) | Diagnosis | Putative | - | - | |
| Heptaglobin α-subunit | (36) | Diagnosis | Putative | - | - | |
| Prostate cancer | PSA | (37) | Selection of therapy | Validated | High | High |
| Vitamin D-binding protein | (38) | Diagnosis | Putative | - | - | |
| Osteopotin | (39) | Diagnosis | Putative | - | - | |
| Renal cancer | Serum amyloid alpha | (40) | Disease monitoring | Putative | - | - |
| Liver | AFP | (41) | Diagnosis | Validated | Moderate | - |