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. 2011 Aug 22;6(8):e23388. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023388

Figure 6. Nano-curcumin more effectively inhibits HIV-1 replication through a mechanism dependent on transferrin receptor.

Figure 6

A & C) SUPT1 cells (Panel A) or stimulated PBMCs (Panel C) were challenged for 2 h with HIV-193IN101 (1 mg p24/ml) in the presence of increasing concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 30 µM) of sol-curcumin, nano-curcumin, or nano-apotransferrin (10 and 50 µg). They were then incubated for a further 96 h, after which viral replication was measured by p24 antigen capture assay. *indicates µg apotransferrin protein that carry equivalent molar concentration of the drug. B & D) SUP-T1 cells or stimulated PBMCs were challenged for 2 h with HIV-193IN101 in the presence of 2.5 or 5.0 µM concentrations of sol-curcumin, nano-curcumin or nano-curcumin in the presence of transferrin receptor antibody (100 ng/ml). After 96 h incubation, viral replication was measured by p24 antigen capture assay. In both these experiments, viral replication in the absence of drug was defined as 0% inhibition; Azidothymidine (AZT) was employed as a positive control. Error bars indicate SD. ** P≤0.01, and ***, P≤0.001 compared to sol-curcumin; n.s.: non-significant.