Table 1.
Infant and maternal baseline characteristics among 737 HIV-exposed infants by infant HIV status at 12 months of life in Pune, India
| Total N | HIV- infected N = 93 |
HIV-exposed, uninfected N = 644 |
P-value‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infant Characteristics | ||||
| Female gender, n (%) | 737 | 46 (49) | 301 (47) | 0.62 |
| Gestational age (weeks), median (IQR) | 732 | 39 (38-40) | 39 (38-40) | 0.13 |
| APGAR at 5 minutes, median (IQR) | 737 | 8 (8-9) | 8 (8-9) | 0.48 |
| Birth weight (grams), median (IQR) | 732 | 2550 (2450-2950) | 2650 (2400-3000) | 0.29 |
| WHO-guided Cotrimoxazole use | 737 | 61 (66) | 247 (38) | <0.001 |
| Any breastfeeding (days), median (IQR) | 718 | 171 (98-276) | 101 (98-182) | 0.03 |
| <4 months, n (%) | 398 | 42 (45) | 356 (57) | |
| 4 - 6 months, n (%) | 75 | 6 (6) | 69 (11) | 0.02 |
| >6 months, n (%) | 264 | 45 (48) | 219 (34) | |
| Extended dose nevirapine, n (%) | 737 | 41 (44) | 326 (51) | 0.24 |
| Infant HAART, n (%)† | 737 | 15 (16) | n/a | n/a |
| Maternal Characteristics | ||||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 733 | 24 (21-26) | 23 (21-25) | 0.09 |
| Gravidity, median (IQR) | 619 | 2 (1-3) | 2 (1-3) | 0.01 |
| Married, n (%) | 733 | 90 (97) | 624 (97) | >0.99 |
| Education | 737 | |||
| Primary (<6 years), n (%) | 294 | 44 (48) | 250 (39) | |
| Secondary (6-10 years), n (%) | 376 | 39 (42) | 337 (52) | 0.17 |
| Tertiary (>10 years), n (%) | 67 | 10 (12) | 57 (9) | |
| Hindu religion, n (%) | 733 | 76 (82) | 493 (77) | 0.27 |
| Vaginal delivery, n (%) | 737 | 77 (83) | 513 (80) | 0.48 |
| Hemoglobin* | 737 | |||
| Normal (>11 g/dl), n (%) | 364 | 36 (38.7) | 328 (50.9) | |
| Mild Anemia (10-11 g/dl), n (%) | 210 | 12 (12.9) | 90 (14.0) | 0.06 |
| Moderate Anemia (7-10 g/dl), n (%) | 140 | 35 (37.6) | 188 (29.2) | |
| Severe Anemia (<7 g/dl), n (%) | 23 | 10 (10.8) | 38 (5.9) | |
| CD4 cell count (cells/mm3),median (IQR)* | 636 | 366 (217-549) | 494 (334-682) | 0.01 |
| Viral load (Log 10) (copies/ml), mean (SD)* | 682 | 4.56 (0.9) | 3.73 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Maternal HAART, n (%)† | 737 | 14 (15) | 48 (8) | 0.01 |
| Maternal AZT, n (%)≠ | 737 | 224 (35) | 24 (26) | 0.09 |
| Maternal NVP, single-dose, n (%)≠ | 737 | 54 (58) | 431 (67) | 0.09 |
NOTES:
*Values closest to delivery are reported.
†HAART use during any time of the study.
‡ P-values based on chi-square, Fisher's exact, Median test or un-paired t-test.
≠AZT = zidovudine for PMTCT, NVP = nevirapine (intrapartum, single-dose) for PMTCT.