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. 2011 Aug 25;6(8):e23649. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023649

Table 1. Taxonomic identification of entomogenous fungi of Hemiberlesia pitysophila based on their morphology.

Strain No. Morphological characteristics Preliminary identification
1 This strain had fewer hyaline or light hyphae that frequently become bright dark-brown with age and undergo transformation to form chains of numerous, single-celled, ovoid-shaped conidia. Some conidia were produced through budding. Genus Aureobasidium
2 Same as No. 1
3 This strain had dark, disc- or cushion-shaped acervuli containing black, slimy spore masse and 5-celled, oval to spindle-shaped conidia. Their apical and basal cells were hyaline, while the median three cells were olivaceous; the upper two were the same as or slightly darker than the lower one. The apical cell was cylinder- or cone-shaped and slightly narrower than the basal cell. The fungi had flagella on its top and 0–1 root on its base. Genus Pestalotiopsis
4 This strain had hyaline, single-celled, oval conidia with many lateral or paired, but not verticillati branches and phialides on the tips of branches. It was distinct due to its rapid growth and compact or loose tufts in shapes of green. Genus Trichoderma
5 This train had dark, mostly simple, very short or elongated conidiophores typically with simple or branching conidium chains. Conidia were dark in conical, elliptical, oval shapes and typically separated by both diaphragm and mediastinum. Individual conidiophore arises directly from substrata forming bushy heads consisting conidial chains, occasionally single, simple and branching appendages. Genus Alternaria
6 This train had nearly spherical conidiophore mother cells that produced mostly simple, hyaline conidiophores with elongated base except thick, dark, septate conidiophores. Its conidia were dark, 1-celled with spindle, oval shape and curved tip, and attached to lateral or and top of the conidiophores, often with a small bud scar at one side. Genus Arthrinium
7 This strain had pycnidia in globose, ovoid, or flask-shaped, leathery or charry, black or dark brown color. It split in small holes, bears conidia on conidiophores or embeded in the substrata of pycnidia. Family Sphaeropsidaceae
8 The strain had 1-celled, elliptical or ovoid, hyaline conidia; waxy, disc-butterfly or pad shaped acervuli close to the tips of simple and elongated conidiophores, typically with dark spines or bristles in the middle or around the rim. Genus Colletotrichum
9 The strain was in the incompletely phase of Diaportheres, with simple conidiophore and 1-celled, ovoid or spindle-shaped, hyaline conidia. Its dporodochidia were globose, prominent, dark, split in small holes and embeded in substrata of pycnidia. Genus Diaportheres
10 Same as No. 3
11 Same as No. 3
12 Same as No. 3
13 Same as No. 3
14 Same as No. 3
15 This strain had unbranched, solitary, erect conidiophores formed directly on the hyphal tips, the hyphal ropes or both. At the apices of the conidiophores were the hyaline conidia of 3–6×1.5–3 µm in size. Genus Acremonium