Table 1.
Maternal characteristics for the total population and by tertile (T) of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MeTHF) and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5FoTHF) concentrations at <16 weeks gestation
| Total population | Maternal serum 5MeTHF
|
Maternal serum 5FoTHF
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | T1 (low) | T2 | T3 (high) | T1 (low) | T2 | T3 (high) | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Maternal race | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 183 (44) | 46 (32) | 53 (40) | 84 (60)1 | 48 (34) | 59 (42) | 76 (56)2 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 234 (56) | 99 (68) | 80 (60) | 55 (40) | 92 (66) | 82 (58) | 60 (44) |
| Maternal age | |||||||
| <20 y | 53 (13) | 12 (8) | 19 (14) | 22 (16) | 18 (13) | 17 (12) | 18 (13) |
| 20 to 29 y | 305 (73) | 114 (79) | 94 (71) | 97 (70) | 98 (70) | 106 (75) | 101 (74) |
| ≥30 y | 59 (14) | 19 (13) | 20 (15) | 20 (14) | 24 (17) | 18 (13) | 17 (13) |
| Parity | |||||||
| 0 | 69 (17) | 16 (11) | 18 (14) | 35 (25)2 | 16 (11) | 21 (15) | 32 (24)3 |
| 1 | 183 (44) | 55 (39) | 64 (48) | 64 (46) | 59 (43) | 60 (43) | 64 (47) |
| ≥2 | 161 (39) | 70 (50) | 51 (38) | 40 (29) | 63 (46) | 58 (42) | 40 (29) |
| Smoking status 3 months before pregnancy | |||||||
| Nonsmoker | 186 (46) | 51 (36) | 59 (45) | 76 (56)2 | 65 (48) | 59 (44) | 62 (46) |
| Smoker | 220 (54) | 90 (64) | 71 (55) | 59 (44) | 70 (52) | 76 (56) | 74 (54) |
| Maternal education | |||||||
| Less than high school | 99 (24) | 38 (26) | 36 (27) | 25 (18) | 31 (22) | 41 (29) | 27 (20)2 |
| High school or equivalent | 279 (67) | 98 (68) | 87 (65) | 94 (68) | 103 (74) | 90 (64) | 86 (63) |
| Greater than high school | 39 (9) | 9 (6) | 10 (8) | 20 (14) | 6 (4) | 10 (7) | 23 (17) |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Unmarried | 351 (84) | 128 (88) | 117 (88) | 106 (76)2 | 123 (88) | 118 (84) | 110 (81) |
| Married | 66 (16) | 17 (12) | 16 (12) | 33 (24) | 17 (12) | 23 (16) | 26 (19) |
| Employment status | |||||||
| Unemployed | 217 (52) | 76 (52) | 69 (52) | 72 (52) | 81 (58) | 65 (46) | 71 (52) |
| Employed part-time | 92 (22) | 27 (19) | 36 (27) | 29 (21) | 29 (21) | 34 (24) | 29 (21) |
| Employed full-time | 108 (26) | 42 (29) | 28 (21) | 38 (27) | 30 (21) | 42 (30) | 36 (27) |
| Family’s yearly income | |||||||
| <$10,000 | 173 (42) | 61 (43) | 64 (49) | 48 (35) | 60 (43) | 55 (40) | 58 (43) |
| $10,000 to <$25,000 | 149 (36) | 57 (40) | 42 (32) | 50 (37) | 51 (37) | 55 (40) | 43 (32) |
| ≥$25,000 | 88 (21) | 25 (17) | 24 (18) | 39 (28) | 27 (20) | 28 (20) | 33 (25) |
| Prepregnancy BMI | |||||||
| <25.0 kg/m2 | 178 (43) | 56 (39) | 51 (38) | 71 (51)3 | 54 (39) | 62 (44) | 62 (46) |
| 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2 | 101 (24) | 30 (21) | 40 (30) | 31 (22) | 34 (24) | 38 (27) | 29 (21) |
| 30.0 to 34.9 kg/m2 | 70 (17) | 25 (17) | 25 (19) | 20 (14) | 22 (16) | 19 (14) | 29 (21) |
| ≥35.0 kg/m2 | 67 (16) | 33 (23) | 17 (13) | 17 (12) | 30 (21) | 21 (15) | 16 (12) |
| Presence of an STI | |||||||
| Yes | 372 (89) | 121 (83) | 122 (92) | 129 (93)3 | 125 (89) | 125 (89) | 122 (90) |
| No | 45 (11) | 24 (17) | 11 (8) | 10 (7) | 15 (11) | 16 (11) | 14 (10) |
| Vaginal flora | |||||||
| Bacterial vaginosis | 188 (45) | 53 (37) | 55 (42) | 80 (58)1 | 54 (39) | 63 (45) | 71 (52) |
| Intermediate flora | 53 (13) | 14 (10) | 18 (14) | 21 (15) | 19 (14) | 20 (14) | 14 (10) |
| Normal vaginal flora | 173 (42) | 77 (53) | 58 (44) | 38 (27) | 65 (47) | 57 (41) | 51 (38) |
1
P<0.001,
2
P<0.01, and
3
P<0.05 based on Pearson chi-squared tests.
Missing data is as follows: n=1 missing prepregnancy BMI; n=3 missing STI and vaginal flora; n=4 missing parity; n=7 missing income; n=11 missing smoking