Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Trial Participants
| Characteristic | l-Glutathione (N=20) | Placebo (N=20) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (yr) | 42.8 (11.9) | 38.7 (11.5) | 0.28 |
| Female gender (%) | 20 | 15 | — |
| Anthropometrics | |||
| BMI | 23.7 (3.0) | 23.6 (1.9) | 0.85 |
| Systolic BP | 122.4 (13.1) | 119.5 (10.4) | 0.46 |
| Diastolic BP | 79.3 (9.9) | 76.8 (7.3) | 0.38 |
| Serum biochemical levels | |||
| Glucose, fasting (mg/dL) | 87.9 (12.6) | 92.6 (12.3) | 0.24 |
| Dietary intake | |||
| Cysteine (g/day) | 1.2 (0.7) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.04 |
| Glutamic acid (g/day) | 15.4 (8.4) | 11.0 (2.9) | 0.04 |
| Methionine (g/day) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.2 (0.4) | 0.06 |
| Total protein (g/day) | 80.5 (46.5) | 55.9 (15.3) | 0.04 |
| Oxidative stress indices | |||
| 8-OHdG (μg) | 26.5 (19.0) | 20.6 (9.8) | 0.23 |
| 8-OHdG/creatinine (μg/mg) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.25 |
| F2-isoP (ng) | 847.5 (674.3) | 730.2 (616.8) | 0.57 |
| F2-isoP/creatinine (ng/mg) | 6.0 (2.8) | 5.3 (2.9) | 0.46 |
| GSH, reduced (μmol/L) | 832.7 (215.1) | 751.0 (326.3) | 0.36 |
| GSSG, oxidized (μmol/L) | 25.8 (9.2) | 26.2 (16.2) | 0.92 |
| GSH:GSSG, ratio | 34.6 (11.3) | 34.6 (17.3) | 0.99 |
| Total GSH (μmol/L) | 858.5 (220.8) | 777.2 (337.9) | 0.38 |
BMI, body–mass index; BP, blood pressure; 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; F2-isoP, F2-isoprostanes; GSH, glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione.