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Model for the mitochondrial cyclic nucleotide signaling system. cAMP is formed inside the mitochondrial matrix by a sAC isoform and stimulates the respiratory chain. The cAMP signals are terminated through degradation by PDE2A isoform 2. Thus, formation of cAMP is stimulated by bicarbonate, which activates sAC, and degradation is stimulated by cGMP or a yet to be identified regulatory ligand for the PDE2A2 GAF domains. IMS, intermembrane space.
