Table 4.
Risk of maternal mortality by individual, institutional and national characteristics: results from the fully adjusted multi-level regression model
| Parameter | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| Constant | 0.001 (0.00,0.00) |
| Characteristics of the women | |
| UNESCO International Standard Classification of Education19 | |
| Post secondary/tertiary (>12 years of education) | 1.00 |
| Upper secondary (10-12 years of education) | 1.14 (0.74,1.77) |
| Lower secondary (7-9 years of education) | 1.51 (0.96,2.37) |
| Primary education (1-6 years of education) | 1.98 (1.26,3.12) |
| No education | 2.69 (1.61,4.50) |
| Age | |
| 10-19 years | 0.89 (0.61,1.30) |
| 20-25 years | 1.00 |
| 26-30 years | 1.00 (0.75,1.32) |
| 31-35 years | 1.00 (0.69,1.45) |
| 36-55 years | 1.62 (1.06,2.47) |
| Marital status: | |
| Married/cohabiting | 1.00 |
| Not married/cohabiting | 1.81 (1.29,2.53) |
| Higher number of previous births | |
| Scale parameter | 1.08 (1.00-1.16) |
| Characteristics of the institutions | |
| Lower institutional capacity score | |
| Scale parameter | 1.01 (0.96-1.06) |
| Characteristics of the countries | |
| Lower national public expenditure on health | |
| Scale parameter | 1.04 (1.01-1.07) |
| Random effect (country) | |
| Scale parameter σ | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) |