Table 2.
Malaysian children's geometric mean salivary cotinine concentration categorised by adult smoking within the home
| Smoke exposure at home (number of smokers at home) | GM cotinine | Total GM cotinineIII (95% CI) ng/ml |
Total (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban (n)I | Rural (n)II | |||
| Neither parent smokes (0) | 0.38 (322)* | 0.22 (124)* | 0.32 (0.28-0.37)++ | 446 (47.1) |
| Father only smokes (1) | 0.80 (240)* | 0.50 (192)* | 0.65 (0.57-0.72)++ | 432 (45.6) |
| Father and mother smokes (2) | 1.54 (2) | 0.60 (1) | 1.12 (0.29-4.40) | 3 (0.3) |
| Extended family member smokes (1) | 0.73 (23) | 0.42 (10) | 0.62 (0.42-0.89) | 33 (3.5) |
| Father and extended family member smokes (2) | 0.86 (13) | 0.63 (20) | 0.71 (0.40-0.97)++ | 33 (3.5) |
| Total | 0.54 (600) | 0.38 (347) | 0.47 (0.42-0.50) | 947 |
* t-test performed between categories in column I and II, p < 0.05
ANOVA test performed for column III and F = 9.737; p-value < 0.0001
++ LSD Post-hoc test was performed for column III and significant differences were found between the group neither parents smokes with all the other group of smoke exposure at home except for extended family member smokes (category where "Father and mother smokes" was excluded from analysis)