Table 3.

Comparison of simulated bias, standard error (SE) and coverage probability (CP) between two homogeneous (incorrect) models and a heterogeneous (correct) model (sample size = 200)

m	Parameter	True	Homogeneousa			Homogeneous			Heterogeneous
			Bias	SE	CP	Bias	SE	CP	Bias	SE	CP
200	Longitudinal
	β0	10	0.023	0.055	0.935	0.017	0.054	0.925	0.007	0.057	0.914
	β1	1.5	−0.029	0.069	0.950	−0.019	0.065	0.960	−0.010	0.073	0.921
	β2	−1	0.029	0.173	0.885	0.036	0.215	0.860	−0.029	0.117	0.911
	σ2	1	−0.002	0.30	0.965	0.001	0.029	0.965	0.002	0.033	0.938
	${\sigma }_{u1}^2$	2.5	–	–	–	–	–	–	−0.001	0.525	0.942
	${\sigma }_{u0}^2$	0.5	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.041	0.182	0.935
	Survival
	γ11	0.8	−0.26	0.137	0.885	0.011	0.158	0.920	−0.006	0.139	0.925
	γ12	−1	0.133	0.289	0.840	0.047	0.416	0.880	−0.024	0.302	0.932
	γ21	0.5	−0.066	0.163	0.910 −0.066	0.195		0.875	−0.026	0.150	0.928
	γ22	−1	0.378	0.347	0.755	0.350	0.426	0.810	−0.007	0.359	0.932
	ν2	1.5	−0.281	1.049	0.715 −0.352	1.891		0.715	−0.116	0.863	0.912
	${\sigma }_{v1}^2$	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.026	0.706	0.825
	${\sigma }_{v0}^2$	0.5	–	–	–	–	–	–	−0.048	0.301	0.801
	Joint covariances
	σuυ1	1.5	–	–	–	–	–	–	−0.216	0.785	0.805
	σuυ0	−0.4	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.080	0.247	0.787

^aHomogeneous model from Hu et al. (2009)

The bold numbers represent relatively large biases