Table 1.
Studies selected for meta-analysis: Prevalence of anxiety disorders in children with ASD
| First author (Year) | N | Mean age | Mean IQ | Method | Respondent | ASD subtype | Types of anxiety disorders (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANX | OCD | SOC | SPH | GAD | SAD | PAN | AGP | |||||||
| Ando (1979) | 47 | 9.5* | 53* | Q | Teacher | 47 AD | 17.0 | |||||||
| Bellini (2004) | 41 | 14.2 | 100 | Q | Self | 16 AS; 6 PDD; 19 HFA | 48.8 | |||||||
| Bradley (2004) | 12 | 16.3 | <40 | I | Parent | 12 Autism (AD) | 42.0 | |||||||
| Bruin (2007) | 94 | 8.5 | 91 | I | Parent | 94 PDD | 55.3 | 6.4 | 11.7 | 38.3 | 5.3 | 8.5 | 1.1 | 6.4 |
| Chung (1990) | 66 | NR | 59* | I | NR | 66 Autism (AD) | 22.7 | |||||||
| Davis (2011) | 74 | 4.8 | NR | Q | Legal guardian/parent | 74 AD | 36.5 | |||||||
| Demb (1989) | 12 | 11.3 | 67 | Q | Parent | 2 AD; 10 PDD-NOS | 41.7 | |||||||
| Gadow (2004) | 182 | 4.2 | 79 | Q | Parent/teacher | 67 AD; 24 AS; 91 PDD | 35.2 | 4.5 | 16.3 | 1.2 | 5.8 | |||
| Gadow (2005) | 301 | 8.3 | 92 | Q | Parent/teacher | 103 AD; 80 AS; 118 PDD | 12.7 | 22.5 | 6.7 | |||||
| Gillot (2001) | 15 | 10.3 | >70 | Q | Self | 15 HFA | 46.7 | |||||||
| Green (2000) | 20 | 13.8 | 92 | I | Parent | 20 AS | 25.0 | 10.0 | 35.0 | |||||
| Kanne (2009) | 177 | 7.3 | >70 | Q | Parent/teacher | 48 AD; 129 AS/PDD | 20.3 | |||||||
| Kim (2000) | 59 | 12.0 | >68/70 | Q | Parent | 19 AS; 40 HFA | 13.6 | 13.6 | 8.5 | |||||
| Kuusikko (2008) | 54 | 11.2 | >80 | Q | Parent | 21 AS; 35 HFA | 50.0 | 35.2 | ||||||
| Leyfer (2006) | 109 | 9.2 | 83 | I | Parent | 109 Autism (AD) | 37.2 | 7.5 | 44.3 | 2.4 | 11.9 | 0.0 | ||
| Loggins (2010) | 20 | 13.0 | 100 | Q | Parent | 20 ASD | 30.0 | |||||||
| Lopata (2010) | 40 | 9.8 | 110 | Q | Parent | 40 ASD | 7.5 | |||||||
| Mattila (2010) | 50 | 12.7 | >70 | I | Parent/self | 27 AS; 23 HFA | 42.0 | 22.0 | 4.0 | 28.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | |
| Mazefsky (2011) | 38 | 12.0 | 105 | I | Parent | 8 AD; 23 AS | 31.5 | 2.6 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 0.0 | |
| Melfsen (2006) | 7 | 13.7 | >70 | Q | Self | 7 AS | 28.6 | |||||||
| Mukaddes (2010) | 37 | 10.9 | 116 | I | Parent/self | 37 AS | 54.0 | 32.0 | 5.4 | 13.0 | 5.4 | 2.7 | 5.4 | |
| Mukaddes (2010) | 60 | 10.6 | 99 | I | Parent/self | 30 AD; 30 AS | 75.0 | 36.7 | 13.3 | 53.3 | 10.0 | 13.3 | 1.7 | |
| Muris (1998) | 44 | 9.7 | 80 | I | Parent | 15 AD; 29 PDD | 84.1 | 11.4 | 20.5 | 63.6 | 22.7 | 27.3 | 9.1 | 45.5 |
| Pearson (2006) | 51 | 10.0 | 84 | Q | Parent | 26 Autism (AD); 25 PDD | 45.1 | |||||||
| Pfeiffer (2005) | 50 | 9.8 | >70 | Q | Parent | 50 AS | 10.0 | |||||||
| Simonoff (2008) | 112 | 11.5 | 73 | I | Parent | 81 Autism (AD); 77 other ASDs | 41.9 | 8.2 | 29.2 | 8.5 | 13.4 | 0.5 | 10.1 | 7.9 |
| Sukhodolsky (2008) | 171 | 8.2 | 56* | Q | Parent | 151 AD; 6 AS; 14 PDD | 42.7 | 19.9 | 31.0 | 9.4 | 10.5 | 5.3 | ||
| Thede (2007) | 31 | 10.8 | >70 | Q | Parent | 16 AS; 15 HFA | 45.2 | |||||||
| White (2009) | 20 | 12.1 | 92 | Q | Self | 2 AD; 15 AS; 3 PDD | 25.0 | |||||||
| Witwer (2010) | 61 | 11.2 | 68 | I | Parent | 16 AS; 17 AD; 26 PDD | 4.9 | 16.4 | 67.2 | 24.6 | 14.8 | |||
| Wozniak (1997) | 66 | 10.0 | >70 | I | Parent | 42 Autism (AD); 24 PDD | 37.9 | 15.2 | 13.6 | 19.7 | 28.8 | 24.2 | 6.1 | 30.3 |
ANX at least one anxiety disorder diagnosed or overall impairing anxiety level, OCD obsessive–compulsive disorder, SOC social anxiety disorder, SPH specific phobia, GAD generalized anxiety disorder, SAD separation anxiety disorder, PAN panic disorder, AGP agoraphobia, Q questionnaire, I Interview, AD autistic disorder, AS Asperger’s syndrome, PDD pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, HFA high-functioning autism, ASD autism spectrum disorder, NR not reported
* Estimated with the information reported in the article