Table 3.
Shared frailties Cox regression model: Hazard Ratio (HR) of mortality in the period 1-30 days after hospital admission.
| Variables | Characteristics | Adjusted HR* |
95%CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (reference group: 65-74) | 75-84 | 1.19 | 0.82 | 1.72 |
| 85+ | 2.58 | 1.80 | 3.69 | |
| Gender (vs. Females) | Males | 2.50 | 2.04 | 3.06 |
| Marital Status (vs. Married) | Not married | 1.56 | 1.26 | 1.91 |
| Years of education (vs. ≤ 8 years) | > 8 years | 0.94 | 0.67 | 1.30 |
| Type of fracture (vs. Neck of femur) | Fracture of other and unspecified parts of femur | 1.05 | 0.73 | 1.50 |
| Elapsed time from admission to surgery and time after surgery (vs. No surgery) | Surgery within 2 days and time after surgery ≤ 2 days | 1.82 | 0.77 | 4.28 |
| Surgery within 2 days and time after surgery > 2 days | 0.54 | 0.35 | 0.83 | |
| Surgery after 2 days and time after surgery ≤ 2 days | 1.45 | 1.01 | 2.07 | |
| Surgery after 2 days and time after surgery > 2 days | 0.64 | 0.50 | 0.82 | |
| Hospital annual surgery for hip fracture volume [vs. Low (≤ 45)] | Medium (46-200) | 1.12 | 0.72 | 1.75 |
| High (> 200) | 1.19 | 0.75 | 1.90 | |
| Rehabilitation care access (vs. No) | Yes | 0.39 | 0.26 | 0.58 |
| Comorbid condition (vs. No comorbidity) | Heart failure | 2.59 | 1.93 | 3.49 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.06 | 0.75 | 1.49 | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1.48 | 1.13 | 1.94 | |
| Diabetes | 0.89 | 0.65 | 1.21 | |
| Renal disease | 1.92 | 1.38 | 2.67 | |
| Dementia | 1.12 | 0.71 | 1.77 | |
| Other | 1.36 | 0.93 | 1.99 | |
Lazio region, Italy, 2006-2007
*Theta < 0.05: p-value of LR test comparing Cox frailty model to standard Cox